Freedom of Expression, Commercial Expression and Tobacco in Canada

The application of freedom of expression protections to commercial expression is a matter of some debate. Some commentators suggest that commerciality robs expression of the value inherent in more politically, culturally, or socially motivated expression.In Canada, the Supreme Court has found that commercial expression is entitled to protection. The affirmation of these rights subject “only to such reasonable limits prescribed by law as can be demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society” does, however, allow for the commercial nature of expression to be weighed as against the value of allowing such expression.The Supreme Court’s approach to freedom of commercial expression, as exemplified by the tobacco cases, indicates that this right is not given the same degree of protection as non-commercial expression. However, the Court’s approach and refusal to introduce a specific test allows flexibility in application, and provides for the possibility that, in some cases, protections may be broad enough to place commercial expression on a par with non-commercial expression

The Business Guide to the Low Carbon Economy: California

Outlines California's climate change policy and offers a detailed framework for calculating and reducing greenhouse gas emissions and purchasing offsets. Includes focus areas for each sector, reference lists, and profiles of successful strategies

Activism as a Source of Strength for Black College Students at Predominately White Institutions

Racism is deeply ingrained in American society, and white supremacy and the oppression of people of color has greatly contributed to the establishment of the very institutions that continue to perpetuate its existence today. Racism manifests itself in a variety of ways, and its most constant and daily appearance is in instances of microaggressions. These experiences contribute to feelings of invisibility, frustration, and anger, an experience known as racism-related stress, which research has shown to severely and negatively impact mental health. In order to combat the insidious effects of racism, Black Americans have utilized coping mechanisms for generations. This resiliency is astoundingly powerful, however, dealing with the omnipresence of racism is a constant and significant internal labor. For Black college students at predominately white institutions, microaggresions and systemic racism create a difficult environment to navigate. Unique opportunities in activism manifest themselves as tools to combat discrimination and racism-related stress. However, some argue that caution is needed in viewing activism as panacea for improving the lives of people of color, particularly Black people. Indeed, some research has suggested that activism is harmful to mental health, as it increases the intensity and frequency of experiences of perceived racism among some populations. This thesis includes a meta-analysis that examines the findings on the effects of activism on mental health. As a result of this analysis, a counter argument argues the potential of the utilization of activism as a source of strength that may combat the harms of racism, supporting the earlier claim that certain factors involved in activism may be protective in nature

Social media as a vehicle for user engagement with local history: a case study in the north-east of Scotland.

Purpose - The aim of this paper is to examine issues associated with user engagement on social media with local history in the north east of Scotland and focuses on a case-study of the Buckie and District Fishing Heritage Society, a small but very successful and professionally-run community based local heritage organisation. Design / Methodology - A qualitative approach using photo elicitation on social media was deployed in conjunction with analysis of the user interactions and the reach insights provided by Facebook to the page manager. Additionally, a focus group was used. Findings - The research, although focused on an individual case-study, offers significant lessons which are more widely applicable in the local history and cultural heritage social media domain. Key aspects include user engagement and how digital storytelling can assist in the documentation of local communities ultimately contributing to local history research and the broader cultural memory. The significance of the image and the photo elicitation methodology is also explored. Social Impact - The research demonstrates new opportunities for engaging users and displaying historical content that can be successfully exploited by community heritage organisations. These are themes which will be developed within the paper. The research also demonstrates the value of photo elicitation in both historical and wider information science fields as a means of obtaining in-depth quality engagement and interaction with users and communities. Originality / Value - The research explored the under-utilised method of photo elicitation in a local history context with a community possessed of a strong sense of local identity. In addition to exploring the benefits of this method, it presents transferable lessons for how small, community-based history and heritage organisation can engage effectively with their audience

Every child a library member: an evaluative review.

In August 2016 the Department of Information Management at Robert Gordon University conducted an Evaluative Review of the Every Child A Library Member project. The review, conducted by Professor Peter Reid and Caroline Hood, examined the various ECALM methods carried out by the 24 Local Authorities who received Scottish GovernmIn August 2016 the Department of Information Management at Robert Gordon University conducted an Evaluative Review of the Every Child A Library Member project. The review, conducted by Professor Peter Reid and Caroline Hood, examined the various ECALM methods carried out by the 24 Local Authorities who received Scottish Government funding for the project. The review also covered: 'Challenges faced by the funded Local Authorities during the pilot phase 'Recommendations based on the findings of the funded pilot projects The ECALM evaluative review is a useful resource for any Local Authority looking at changing or expanding their current approach to automatic library membership

Optimizing multi-dimensional terahertz imaging analysis for colon cancer diagnosis

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

An Inventory Control System to Minimize the Cost of Disposing of Expired Goods in Multi Indah Store

Multi Indah store is a small business engaged in the sale of shoe raw materials. The customer is a shoemaker. The problem faced by stores today is the process of sorting the shelf life which takes quite a long time so that it has an impact on the slow delivery of goods to customers. The development of an inventory control system using the RAD methodology is a solution offered to stores. The results of the system test found that the sorting process is faster and can help control the amount of inventory, service life, and items that are nearing expiration can be known quickly by shop owners through reports presented by the system

Learning to Prevent Campus Violence, EKU-Safe: A Bystander Intervention Training Program

EKU-SAFE is a campus outreach violence prevention program funded through the Department of Justice. One aspect of the project was to design and implement Bystander Intervention Training for all first year students at Eastern Kentucky University, a regional university with an enrollment of 16,000 students. Literature in violence prevention with college campus populations indicates that significant behavior and personal accountability can arise from Bystander Intervention Training (Banyard, Plante, & Moynihan, 2004). The purpose of this article is to report on changes in participants‟ perceptions and interpretations of violence prior to and following Bystander Intervention Training at Eastern Kentucky University and to assess the program‟s potential effectiveness for changing campus culture in terms of attitudes towards violence. Findings from this study will constitute a baseline for continued assessment of program efficacy. Possible future evaluation will assess the extent to which anti violence norms are retained one to three years after initial exposure to program materials. Ongoing efforts are necessary to facilitate broader culture change within the university; this change cannot be accomplished or sustained until a substantial number of individuals commit themselves, through action, to intolerance of violence against women and victim blaming, and support of women‟s safety