292 research outputs found
Surface Circular Photogalvanic Effect in Tl-Pb Monolayer Alloys on Si(111) with Giant Rashba Splitting
We have found that surface superstructures made of "monolayer alloys" of Tl
and Pb on Si(111), having giant Rashba effect, produce non-reciprocal
spin-polarized photocurrent via circular photogalvanic effect (CPGE) by
obliquely shining circularly polarized near-infrared (IR) light. CPGE is here
caused by injection of in-plane spin into spin-split surface-state bands, which
is observed only on Tl-Pb alloy layers, but not on single-element Tl nor Pb
layers. In the Tl-Pb monolayer alloys, despite their monatomic thickness, the
magnitude of CPGE is comparable to or even larger than the cases of many other
spin-split thin-film materials. The data analysis has provided the relative
permittivity of the monolayer alloys to be 1.0, which
is because the monolayer exists at a transition region between the vacuum and
the substrate. The present result opens the possibility that we can optically
manipulate spins of electrons even on monolayer materials
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1073-143 Physiological assessment of coronary artery stenosis using transthoracic doppler echocardiography at rest: Comparison of flow velocity pattern analysis with exercise thallium SPECT
BAFF antagonist attenuates the development of skin fibrosis in Tight-Skin Mice
The tight-skin (TSK/+) mouse, a genetic model for systemic sclerosis (SSc), develops cutaneous fibrosis and autoimmunity. Although immunological abnormalities have been demonstrated in TSK/+ mice, the roles of B-cell-activating factor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF), a potent B-cell survival factor, have not been investigated. Serum BAFF levels in TSK/+ mice were examined by ELISA. Newborn TSK/+ mice were treated with BAFF antagonist, and then skin fibrosis of 8-week-old mice was assessed. Serum BAFF levels were significantly elevated in TSK/+ mice. Remarkably, BAFF antagonist inhibited the development of skin fibrosis, hyper-γ-globulinemia, and the autoantibody production in TSK/+ mice. The skin from TSK/+ mice showed upregulated expressions of fibrogenic cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-10, while BAFF antagonist significantly suppressed them. Reciprocally, BAFF antagonist augmented antifibrogenic cytokines, such as IFN-γ, in the skin of TSK/+ mice. Furthermore, TSK/+ B cells with BAFF stimulation had a significantly enhanced ability to produce IL-6. The results suggest that BAFF/BAFF receptor system is critical for the development of skin fibrosis in TSK/+ mice and could be a potent therapeutical target. © 2007 The Society for Investigative Dermatology
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