Analysis of Automated Emergency Braking System to Investigate Forward Collision Condition Using Scenario-Based Virtual Assessment

In the recent trend of automotive technologies, active safety systems for vehicles have become one ofthe key elements to reduce road traffic conditions. Automated vehicles are known as one of the active safetysystems to minimize road traffic congestion and unwanted road hazardous situations. Generally, automatedvehicles are designed using advanced driving assistance system (ADAS) technology to enhance the safetycapability of the vehicles. Moreover, automated vehicles are designed to adopt multiple scenarios with differenttypes of traffic situations. Generally, the performance of automated vehicles is evaluated to adapt with various roadconditions and different type of traffic conditions, autonomously. Nonetheless, most of the safety testing wasconducted in a controlled environment and with less traffic conditions. Moreover, this technology is tested indeveloped countries and mostly evaluated for highway driving scenarios, with less pedestrians and motorist’s roadusers. On the other hand, in developing countries such as Malaysia, most of the automotive researchers haveinitiated research related to automated vehicle based on controlled environment only. One of the primary focusesfor the current automotive researchers is to reduce road accidents due to frontal collision. Thus, automatedemergency braking systems have been heavily investigated by most developers to minimize road accidents. Mostof the researchers analyze the system in terms of theoretical based simulation and tested using actual vehicle forphysical testing. However, this type of testing is not sufficient to optimize the performance of automatedemergency braking systems for developing countries. Therefore, this study focuses on scenario-based virtualassessment to evaluate the capability of autonomous vehicles using automated emergency braking system withoutcausing road casualties with the distance range is 4.5m to 0.5m depending on vehicle speed. &nbsp

Analysis of Automated Emergency Braking System to Investigate Forward Collision Condition Using Scenario-Based Virtual Assessment

In the recent trend of automotive technologies, active safety systems for vehicles have become one ofthe key elements to reduce road traffic conditions. Automated vehicles are known as one of the active safetysystems to minimize road traffic congestion and unwanted road hazardous situations. Generally, automatedvehicles are designed using advanced driving assistance system (ADAS) technology to enhance the safetycapability of the vehicles. Moreover, automated vehicles are designed to adopt multiple scenarios with differenttypes of traffic situations. Generally, the performance of automated vehicles is evaluated to adapt with various roadconditions and different type of traffic conditions, autonomously. Nonetheless, most of the safety testing wasconducted in a controlled environment and with less traffic conditions. Moreover, this technology is tested indeveloped countries and mostly evaluated for highway driving scenarios, with less pedestrians and motorist’s roadusers. On the other hand, in developing countries such as Malaysia, most of the automotive researchers haveinitiated research related to automated vehicle based on controlled environment only. One of the primary focusesfor the current automotive researchers is to reduce road accidents due to frontal collision. Thus, automatedemergency braking systems have been heavily investigated by most developers to minimize road accidents. Mostof the researchers analyze the system in terms of theoretical based simulation and tested using actual vehicle forphysical testing. However, this type of testing is not sufficient to optimize the performance of automatedemergency braking systems for developing countries. Therefore, this study focuses on scenario-based virtualassessment to evaluate the capability of autonomous vehicles using automated emergency braking system withoutcausing road casualties with the distance range is 4.5m to 0.5m depending on vehicle speed. &nbsp

Insights into Carbonyl Sulfide (OCS) Distribution and Sources in the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) Region: Evidence from Elevated Levels Observed in the UTLS during the ACCLIP Campaign

Insights into Carbonyl Sulfide (OCS) Distribution and Sources in the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) Region: Evidence from Elevated Levels Observed in the UTLS during the ACCLIP CampaignCarbonyl Sulfide (OCS) is the most abundant sulfur species in the free troposphere and responsible for most non-volcanic sulfur transported into the stratosphere. OCS serves a pivotal role as the primary precursor for sulfate aerosol formation in the stratosphere, which is critical to global radiative forcing. Between the boundary layer and the tropopause, OCS levels are typically assumed to be uniform (~500PPT) due to limited sources and sinks. Contrarily, persistent enhanced mean OCS levels near the tropopause are observed by satellite remote sensing platforms, notably during the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) Anticyclone. Here, we report on data collected during the 2022 ACCLIP campaign where the first in situ measurements of enhanced OCS near the ASM tropopause were recorded, utilizing the NOAA ACOS instrument aboard the NASA WB57 high-altitude research aircraft.Data from previous airborne campaigns (TRACE-P, KORUS-AQ), and recent ground-based sampling suggest anthropogenic emissions as a source of elevated lower tropospheric OCS in the ASM region. Due to the low OCS solubility, cloud convective pathways may serve as an effective mechanism for rapid vertical transport from the boundary layer to the upper troposphere. Trajectory analysis from the ACCLIP campaign identifies the northern China region as a primary source of enhanced OCS near the ASM tropopause, as a result of pollution lofted by intense convection near the seacoast. During this campaign, well-modeled pollution species, such as carbon monoxide (CO), are spatially correlated with OCS, suggesting a potential for indirect estimates of emission inventories. Moreover, we extend this analysis by contrasting in-situ UTLS OCS and CO measurements from the AMICA instrument during the 2017 STRATOCLIM campaign