Regina Hert's Quick Files

The Quick Files feature was discontinued and it’s files were migrated into this Project on March 11, 2022. The file URL’s will still resolve properly, and the Quick Files logs are available in the Project’s Recent Activity

Anthropologie des savoirs

Parmi les nombreux objets et questionnements qui dans le champ des Sciences de l’information et de la communication empruntent des grilles d’analyse à l’anthropologie, les travaux portant sur la question des savoirs connaissent un développement important depuis une dizaine d’années. C’est vers une pragmatique du savoir qu’oriente l’anthropologie telle qu’elle sera saisie dans ce numéro : comprendre comment le savoir se construit, à la fois produit d’un savoir-faire et opération de l’esprit, historiquement situé, prenant corps dans des contextes, des espaces, des institutions concrets, matérialisé dans des formes d’inscription destinées à être communiquées ; comprendre comment il s’expose, circule, se transmet, se partage, notamment à l’heure du développement du numérique, qui induit un nouveau rapport à l’espace et au temps. C’est cette dynamique du savoir, à l’articulation de l’individuel et du social, et le regard porté sur elle par les Sciences de l’information et de la communication, que les auteurs du dossier s’attacheront à analyser. Among the many research objects in Information Science and Communication Studies which borrow analytical models from the discipline of Anthropology, the question of knowledge has emerged as a significant area of study over the past ten years. Anthropological inquiry leads us to a pragmatics of knowledge, that is to say, a consideration of how knowledge is constructed, as the product of practical competencies [savoir-faire] and of intellectual operations. Such an approach seeks to understand knowledge as it is historically situated, as it is embodied within contexts, spaces, institutions, and materialized through physical inscriptions which are communicated to others. How does knowledge circulate, how is it conveyed and shared, especially in the context of digital technology and digital communication, which create new relationships to time and space? This issue of Etudes de communication seeks to investigate the ways in which current research in Information Science and Communication Studies considers this dynamic aspect of knowledge, as it is situated at the juncture between the individual and the social, the structured and the informal

Incidence of severe critical events in paediatric anaesthesia (APRICOT): a prospective multicentre observational study in 261 hospitals in Europe

Little is known about the incidence of severe critical events in children undergoing general anaesthesia in Europe. We aimed to identify the incidence, nature, and outcome of severe critical events in children undergoing anaesthesia, and the associated potential risk factors. The APRICOT study was a prospective observational multicentre cohort study of children from birth to 15 years of age undergoing elective or urgent anaesthesia for diagnostic or surgical procedures. Children were eligible for inclusion during a 2-week period determined prospectively by each centre. There were 261 participating centres across 33 European countries. The primary endpoint was the occurence of perioperative severe critical events requiring immediate intervention. A severe critical event was defined as the occurrence of respiratory, cardiac, allergic, or neurological complications requiring immediate intervention and that led (or could have led) to major disability or death. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01878760. Between April 1, 2014, and Jan 31, 2015, 31 127 anaesthetic procedures in 30 874 children with a mean age of 6·35 years (SD 4·50) were included. The incidence of perioperative severe critical events was 5·2% (95% CI 5·0-5·5) with an incidence of respiratory critical events of 3·1% (2·9-3·3). Cardiovascular instability occurred in 1·9% (1·7-2·1), with an immediate poor outcome in 5·4% (3·7-7·5) of these cases. The all-cause 30-day in-hospital mortality rate was 10 in 10 000. This was independent of type of anaesthesia. Age (relative risk 0·88, 95% CI 0·86-0·90; p <0·0001), medical history, and physical condition (1·60, 1·40-1·82; p <0·0001) were the major risk factors for a serious critical event. Multivariate analysis revealed evidence for the beneficial effect of years of experience of the most senior anaesthesia team member (0·99, 0·981-0·997; p <0·0048 for respiratory critical events, and 0·98, 0·97-0·99; p=0·0039 for cardiovascular critical events), rather than the type of health institution or providers. This study highlights a relatively high rate of severe critical events during the anaesthesia management of children for surgical or diagnostic procedures in Europe, and a large variability in the practice of paediatric anaesthesia. These findings are substantial enough to warrant attention from national, regional, and specialist societies to target education of anaesthesiologists and their teams and implement strategies for quality improvement in paediatric anaesthesia. European Society of Anaesthesiolog