Suono e Spettacolo. Athanasius Kircher, un percorso nelle Immagini sonore.

The Society of Jesus made great propaganda efforts throughout the seventeenth century and chose the images and the play as a privileged means to communicate and persuade. Athanasius Kircher, a key figure of the seventeenth century, he decided to dominate the wild nature of sound through Phonurgia Nova, which includes a gallery of powerful symbolic images for Baroque aesthetics. The essay, through the grant of the images from the Library of the Department of Mathematics "Guido Castelnuovo" Sapienza University of Rome, aims to understand, through the pictures offered by Kircher, the sound phenomenon and the spectacle that this produces. In Phonurgia Nova a process of dramatization sound effects takes place, often through machines and "visions" applied to the theatrical reality, as experimental and astonishing environment beloved in baroque. Kircher illustrates the sound through explanatory figures, so to dominate the sound through the eyes. Sound is seen, admired and represented: its spectacle not only takes place through the implementation of sound machines or the "wonders" applied to the theater, but even through images, creating create a sense of wonder in in the erudite person of the seventeenth century

女子大学生の産婦人科受診に対する変容ステージと自己効力感

本研究の目的は、女子大学生の産婦人科受診に関する健康教育のあり方を模索するため、産婦人科受診の変容ステージと自己効力感を明らかにすることであった。女子大学生159名(平均年齢20.4歳、SD=l.l)を対象に質問紙調査を行った結果、「自分の体に何か心配がある時」の方が「心配がない時」よりも、産婦人科受診の変容ステージと自己効力感は高くなっていた。この結果から、自分の体に何か心配がある際には受診行動を起こそうと考える傾向が高いが、さまざまな阻害要因によってスムーズに受診できていないことや、「心配がなくても検診として」受診するといった考えには至ってない可能性が示唆された。今後、女子大学生の産婦人科受診を促進するためには、①病気の重大性や受診による利益などの正しい知識の伝達、②産婦人科受診の阻害要因や損失に関する認知の変容、③産婦人科選びや受診に関する情報提供といった内容を含んだ健康教育を行っていくことが望ましいと考える

Toxoplasmosis-Related Knowledge and Practices Among Pregnant Women in the United States

Background: Infection with Toxoplasma gondii during pregnancy can lead to severe illness in the fetus. Many T. gondii infections are preventable by simple hygienic measures. Methods: We surveyed pregnant women in the US to determine their knowledge about toxoplasmosis and their practices to prevent infection. Volunteer obstetricians selected to be demographically representative of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recruited the participants. Results: Of 403 women responding to the survey, 48% indicated that they had heard or seen information about toxoplasmosis; however, only 7% were aware of being tested for the disease. Forty percent of responding women knew that toxoplasmosis is caused by an infection, but 21% thought that a poison causes it. The highest level of knowledge was about cats and T. gondii ; 61% responded that the organism is shed in the feces of infected cats and 60% responded that people could acquire toxoplasmosis by changing cat litter. There was a low level of knowledge about other risk factors; only 30% of the women were aware that T. gondii may be found in raw or undercooked meat. Nevertheless, a high percentage of women indicated that they do not eat undercooked meat during pregnancy and that they practice good hygienic measures such as washing their hands after handling raw meat, gardening or changing cat litter. Conclusion: Except for the risk of transmission from cats, knowledge among pregnant women about toxoplasmosis is low. However, toxoplasmosis-preventive practices are generally good, suggesting that providers should continue to offer education about practices that help prevent foodborne diseases in general as well as information about preventing toxoplasmosis specifically