Nationbuilding 101: Property, Liberty, and Corporate Governance

Nationbuilders in less developed countries need to understand how Western legal systems with "property" at their center have materially accounted for Western prosperity and liberty, but legal definitions of property are so abstruse that explication of this vital concept is made difficult. This paper finds an historical definitional essence to property in the right to exclude and maintains that liberty and property both share this essential meaning. The problems of corporate governance are then placed in the context of the exclusionary concept of property/liberty.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/39913/3/wp528.pd

Nationbuilding 101: Property, Liberty, and Corporate Governance

Nationbuilders in less developed countries need to understand how Western legal systems with "property" at their center have materially accounted for Western prosperity and liberty, but legal definitions of property are so abstruse that explication of this vital concept is made difficult. This paper finds an historical definitional essence to property in the right to exclude and maintains that liberty and property both share this essential meaning. The problems of corporate governance are then placed in the context of the exclusionary concept of property/liberty.property, property rights, development and property, liberty, and corporate governance

Quantum singularities in (2+1) dimensional matter coupled black hole spacetimes

Quantum singularities considered in the 3D BTZ spacetime by Pitelli and Letelier (Phys. Rev. D77: 124030, 2008) is extended to charged BTZ and 3D Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton gravity spacetimes. The occurence of naked singularities in the Einstein-Maxwell extension of the BTZ spacetime both in linear and non-linear electrodynamics as well as in the Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton gravity spacetimes are analysed with the quantum test fields obeying the Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations. We show that with the inclusion of the matter fields; the conical geometry near r=0 is removed and restricted classes of solutions are admitted for the Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations. Hence, the classical central singularity at r=0 turns out to be quantum mechanically singular for quantum particles obeying Klein-Gordon equation but nonsingular for fermions obeying Dirac equation. Explicit calculations reveal that the occurrence of the timelike naked singularities in the considered spacetimes do not violate the cosmic censorship hypothesis as far as the Dirac fields are concerned. The role of horizons that clothes the singularity in the black hole cases is replaced by repulsive potential barrier against the propagation of Dirac fields.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figure. Final version, to appear in PR

Common Binder Head and Knotter Head Troubles

PDF pages: 4

A Kolmogorov Extension Theorem for POVMs

We prove a theorem about positive-operator-valued measures (POVMs) that is an analog of the Kolmogorov extension theorem, a standard theorem of probability theory. According to our theorem, if a sequence of POVMs G_n on $\mathbb{R}^n$ satisfies the consistency (or projectivity) condition $G_{n+1}(A\times \mathbb{R}) = G_n(A)$ then there is a POVM G on the space $\mathbb{R}^\mathbb{N}$ of infinite sequences that has G_n as its marginal for the first n entries of the sequence. We also describe an application in quantum theory.Comment: 6 pages LaTeX, no figure

On the optical properties of carbon nanotubes--Part I. A general formula for the dynamical optical conductivity

This paper is the first one of a series of two articles in which we revisit the optical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT). Produced by rolling up a graphene sheet, SWNT owe their intriguing properties to their cylindrical quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) structure (the ratio length/radius is experimentally of order of 10^3). We model SWNT by circular cylinders of small diameters on the surface of which the conduction electron gas is confined by the electric field generated by the fixed carbon ions. The pair-interaction potential considered is the 3D Coulomb potential restricted to the cylinder. To reflect the quasi-1D structure, we introduce a 1D effective many-body Hamiltonian which is the starting-point of our analysis. To investigate the optical properties, we consider a perturbation by a uniform time-dependent electric field modeling an incident light beam along the longitudinal direction. By using Kubo's method, we derive within the linear response theory an asymptotic expansion in the low-temperature regime for the dynamical optical conductivity at fixed density of particles. The leading term only involves the eigenvalues and associated eigenfunctions of the (unperturbed) 1D effective many-body Hamiltonian, and allows us to account for the sharp peaks observed in the optical absorption spectrum of SWNT.Comment: Comments: 24 pages. Revised version. Accepted for publication in J.M.

Nationbuilding 101: Reductionism in Property, Liberty, and Corporate Governance

In this Article, Professor Reed re-examines the importance of property as a formal legal institution. He continues by arguing that central to creating property is the right to exclude others from resources acquired without force, theft, or fraud. In countries where this right has been firmly established, per capita income far exceeds that of countries lacking a strong right to exclude. Professor Reed then asserts the importance to nation builders of appreciating the virtual semantic equivalence of the terms property and liberty. Finally, he argues that both the specific and broad senses of corporate governance can be reduced to property issues, making the understanding and implementation of a strong property system an important step toward prosperity, individual freedom, and sustainable peace

An Assessment of HIV Stigma, Resilience, and Queer-person of Color Identity Among Young Black Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men Living with HIV

Young Black-gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (YB-GBMSM) are disproportionately impacted by HIV. For YB-GBMSM living with HIV, there is a weak understanding of how HIV stigma impacts their intersecting racial/ethnic and sexual minority identities. Existing literature suggests that the YB and GBMSM identities often act in opposition to another, denying prospects for an affirmed identity, which calls for engaging oneself in “the affective process of developing positive feelings and a strong sense of belonging to one’s social group” (Ghavami et al., 2011). Furthermore, there is a paucity of literature regarding YB-GBMSM holding a positive perspective that highlights the strengths of this community. To address these various gaps in the literature, a cross-sectional study of N=200 YB-GBMSM between the ages of 18-29 living with HIV and in Atlanta was conducted. It was hypothesized that HIV stigma diminishes efforts to maintain an affirmed identity, amongst YB-GBMSM living with HIV, and further suggested that resilience might weaken this negative association. According to the measure employed in this study, resilience is defined as one’s “ability to bounce back or recover from stress” (Smith et al., 2008). Based on the data provided by the summary correlations table, HIV stigma had a negative impact on Queer-Person of Color (QPOC) identity beliefs. Resilience, however, did not have a moderating effect on the relationship between HIV stigma and an affirmed QPOC identity, as hypothesized. Future research should be dedicated to establishing either a YB-GBMSM-specific measure of resilience or a more inclusive measure of resilience that highlights YB-GBMSM’s unique experiences and their environmental context. Moreover, future interventions should identify practical ways to employ resilience, promote identity affirmation among YB-GBMSM, and continue pursuing strengths-based approaches that assist YB-GBMSM living with HIV with successfully navigating HIV stigma, and other pervasive forms of oppression/discrimination