Innovative Transport Pressure Management Models for Efficient Transportation Management in the RUDN-University

The main transport flows on the RUDN territory are caused by the city public and private transport. The general transportation scheme around and through the campus develops some decades. Today this is a huge traffic system with high technogenic pressure on the surrounding ecosystems. The efforts of the university only on the organization of bike transport and shuttle buses cannot protect in this situation our territory. Thus, the university in collaboration with the Moscow government try to solve the transportation problem: a new underground station named RUDN will be built – this must help to optimize transport flows. Transportation management in the university campus (especially situated in the city) needs to apply reliable models for the optimization of transport pressure. That is why, for the RUDNUniversity campus in the South-West of Moscow, we try to develop the most sensitive indicators and to control a set of technogenic factors affecting environmental quality. The unique environmental monitoring system of the RUDN campus able to evaluate the environmental state of the territory and to contribute to maintaining the environmental quality is now under development. The primary results were presented in September 2019 during the first UI Green Metric World Sustainable Campuses Tour in RUDN

Geochemical barriers as structural components of the geochemical systems evolution

The term “geochemical barrier” (GCB) has been widely used in the Russian geochemical literature as a key concept of the distribution of elements and substances theory (incl. pollutions)although in the world research practice this term is not particularly represented. The assessment of the functional role of the geochemical barriers in relation to the properties and evolution of the geochemical systems (GCS)is demonstrated.The foundations of Haken synergy, the foundations of self-organization of systems and non-equilibrium (non-linear) thermodynamics of I. Prigogine and his school are used as a methodological framework. From the authors’ point of view, GCB are considered as self-organizing components of GCS, in which physical and chemical processes are activated, leading to the transformation of atomic and molecular structures, chemical associations and individual chemical elements under the impact of active media (processes). They can be the defining phenomenon of the emergence and evolution of GCS. The concept of geochemical barriers is the foundation for technologies that are actively implemented for cleaning and protecting soils, groundwater and surface water, and the geological environment in general

Specificity of accumulation of hydrocarbons in various components of geosystems

The results of the analysis of thermodynamic characteristics of the processes of hydrocarbon amassment in the components of geochemical systems are presented (waters, soils, plants and other substances forming ecosystem). The need to use an ideology and apparatus for calculating thermodynamics is due to the complexity and diversity of mass transfer in interacting media. The material and energy flows of marker compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are analyzed: Naphthalene (Naph), Acenaphthene (Ace), Fluorene (Flourene), Phenanthrene (Phen), Anthracene (An), Fluoranthene (Flu), Pyrene (Py), benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), Chrysene (Chr), Benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbFlu), Benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkFlu), Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), Benzo[ghi]perylene (Bghi), Dibenzo[a, h]anthracene (DbA), Indeno[1, 2-cd]pyrene (Ip). Estimates are obtained of the intensity of PAH concentration processes in geochemical systems in different states from the point of view of stability, from clearly unstable to metastable. The role of living matter in the formation of stability of geochemical systems is revealed

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as markers of environmental and hydrological processes (identification problems and research experience)

The efficiency of the study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as markers of many environmental and hydrological processes is disclosed. On the example of the interaction between sea and river water the flows of substances and problems of their detection in media, as well as the laws of fractionation during phase transitions at geochemical barriers (GCB) are presented. The authors have collected an extensive database for almost all types of natural environments. Own research was conducted at specialized water testing sites (springs, a mud volcano, brine of a lake, the Northern Dvina River, water of Black and White Seas, water bodies of the Moscow Region and Albena region (Bulgaria), etc. This allowed substantiating the optimal markers and creating effective methods for identifying a complex of hydrological processes

Identification of matter flows in marginal filters of rivers (based on the principles of thermodynamics)

Material and energy flows in the marginal filters of rivers identified based on the analyses of the environmental fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH): Anthracene (An), Phenanthrene (Phen), Naphthalene (Naph), Pyrene (Py), Fluoranthene (Flu), Chrysene (Chr), Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), Perylene (Pl). Experimental data on the components of the aquatic system of the marginal filter of the Northern Dvina River allow us to consider the processes of phase transitions of PAHs at geochemical barriers (GCB). Based on the principles of thermodynamics, a phenomenological model of migration and the formation of the most persistent PAH associations on the barriers is formed. The predominant possibility of PAH migration on suspended material, including biota, is shown. The probability of PAH accumulation between the most important components of aquatic systems was assessed according to the conditions of their migration activity in various zones of the marginal filter. Active and passive PAHs were determined in terms of their migration and accumulation in the components of aquatic systems. The role of PAHs as a reliable indicator of thermodynamic processes, including the development of technogenesis, is estimated

Geochemical barriers as a form of self-organization of geochemical systems (

According to the author's concept, discharge of groundwater to the surface is considered as a sharp change of geochemical conditions, leading to the formation of geochemical barriers (GCB). In the article presented results of geochemical study of groundwater-soil-organic matter-gas interaction as example of Kerch Peninsula self-organizing system The geochemical barriers give rise to the formation of a kind of non-equilibrium geoecosystems with an individual structure of direct and inverse connections between the components, size and borders of geochemical systems (GCS) are determined by many factors: frequency and scale of discharge, chemical composition, temperature of the source and of the environment, phase transitions within the system with interacting heterogeneous media: "water – rocks", "water – atmosphere", "water – ice", "water – soil", "water – plants (including algae and other living organisms)", and etc. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are used as tracers of this interaction

Determination of background concentrations of tropospheric ozone in natural and anthropogenically changed conditions using the phase portraits approach

Н основе анализа суточной и месячной динамики получены фоновые значения, которые могут впоследствии использоваться для управления качеством атмосферы в рамках квотирования выбросов. Полученные оценки верифицировались с использованием официальных методических указаний. Показано, что методики дают близки значения фоновых концентрация для более длительных периодов наблюдений. Tropospheric ozone is one of the most active and toxic pollutants in the atmosphere. The dynamics of its concentrations is determined not only by the characteristics of emissions of precursor substances, but also by the complex of meteorological conditions. Atmospheric quality control requires the regulation of emissions based on the consideration of background concentrations and acceptable hygiene standards. The proposed article presents approaches to the estimation of background concentrations using the analysis of phase portraits based on continuous observations of the concentrations of ozone, its precursor substances, as well as a number of meteorological parameters. The dynamic phase portraits for the conditions of Moscow (Southern Administrative District) and the background territory (Krasnye polyany) are analyzed. Based on the analysis of daily and monthly dynamics, background values are obtained, which can later be used to control the quality of the atmosphere within the framework of emission quotas arrangement. The obtained estimates were verified using official methodological guidelines. It is shown that the methods give similar values of background concentrations for longer periods of observations (month and more)

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS FOR THE ELIMINATION OF ACCUMULATED ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGES IN MINING REGIONS

Mining regions are traditionally most technogenic pressured and transformed during the exploration of mineral resources. In each country producing mineral resources the problem of restoration of damaged territories is especially significant because of a variety of consequences of the destruction of natural complexes: latent/ hidden effects, secondary pollutions and destruction of soils and state of groundwater, complex of consequences for the biota. In Russia, i.e., currently there are more than 340 large scale objects of the accumulated environmental damages caused by mining activity. The “pollutant pays” principle in many cases cannot be applied: many causers of the damages do not exist currently. This was old enterprises that was closed after the exhaustion of the mineral deposits or the old enterprises changed the owner or a legislative form. Thus, it is impossible to find any another source for the financial support as only the state or the regional budget. This leads to the necessity of the state program on elimination of damages and restoration of territories. The main instrument for the providing of the efficiency for such programs is the state financial support. But in this case the priority objects are to be selected as well as the best restoration measures. For these purposes was a special algorithm elaborated for the setting of priorities in the selection of objects to be restored and a set of protecting measures to be realized. In reality there is a complex of problems of the justification of the priority objects list. The main problem is connected with a very low level of the methodological documents for the damages assessment. This leads to the impossibility of an adequate assessment of real state of objects. In the article are shown the main problems of application of actual methodological documents and some first results of the realization of the state federal program on the elimination of accumulated environmental damages in mining regions as well as assessment of the financial instruments efficiency

Identification of the state of the soil-plant systems on the RUDN-University campus (based on PAH concentrations)

The environmental state of soil-plant systems under the condition of technogenic pressure has been demonstrated on the example of the social significant territory in the city of Moscow – the campus of the RUDN University. The assessment is based on the analyses of the environmental fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in soil, roots and aerial parts of plants of bluegrass meadow: Naphthalene (Naph), Fluorene (Fluorene), Phenanthrene (Phen), Anthracene (An), Fluoranthene (Flu), Pyrene (Py), Chrysene (Chr), Benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), Benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbFlu), Benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkFlu), Benzo[ghi]perylene (Bghi), Indeno[1, 2, 3-cd[pyrene (IP), Dibenzo[a, h]anthracene (DBa). These pollutants are considered as geochemical markers and reflect quite detailed the integral state of soil-plant systems. As a result, the zones with relative prosperous and with critical state are identified. The connection between physicochemical characteristics (log Kow) of pollutants and their accumulation activity (concentration coefficients) is confirmed