Review on Slip Transmission Criteria in Experiments and Crystal Plasticity Models

A comprehensive overview is given of the literature on slip transmission criteria for grain boundaries in metals, with a focus on slip system and grain boundary orientation. Much of this extensive literature has been informed by experimental investigations. The use of geometric criteria in continuum crystal plasticity models is discussed. The theoretical framework of Gurtin (2008, J. Mech. Phys. Solids 56, p. 640) is reviewed for the single slip case. This highlights the connections to slip transmission criteria from the literature that are not discussed in the work itself. Different geometric criteria are compared for the single slip case with regard to their prediction of slip transmission. Perspectives on additional criteria, investigated in experiments and used in computational simulations, are given.Comment: in Journal of Materials Science, 201

Far-infrared study of K giants in the solar neighborhood: Connection between Li enrichment and mass-loss

We searched for a correlation between the two anomalous properties of K giants: Li enhancement and IR excess from an unbiased survey of a large sample of RGB stars. A sample of 2000 low-mass K giants with accurate astrometry from the Hipparcos catalog was chosen for which Li abundances have been determined from low-resolution spectra. Far-infrared data were collected from the $WISE$ and $IRAS$ catalogs. To probe the correlation between the two anomalies, we supplemented 15 Li-rich K giants discovered from this sample with 25 known Li-rich K giants from other studies. Dust shell evolutionary models and spectral energy distributions were constructed using the code DUSTY to estimate different dust shell properties, such as dust evolutionary time scales, dust temperatures, and mass-loss rates. Among 2000 K giants, we found about two dozen K giants with detectable far-IR excess, and surprisingly, none of them are Li-rich. Similarly, the 15 new Li-rich K giants that were identified from the same sample show no evidence of IR excess. Of the total 40 Li-rich K giants, only 7 show IR excess. Important is that K giants with Li enhancement and/or IR excess begin to appear only at the bump on the RGB. Results show that K giants with IR excess are very rare, similar to K giants with Li enhancement. This may be due to the rapid differential evolution of dust shell and Li depletion compared to RGB evolutionary time scales. We also infer from the results that during the bump evolution, giants probably undergo some internal changes, which are perhaps the cause of mass-loss and Li-enhancement events. However, the available observational results do not ascertain that these properties are correlated. That a few Li-rich giants have IR excess seems to be pure coincidence.Comment: Accepted for Publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics, 6 figures, 5 tables, 19 page

ANTI INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF CIPROFLOXACIN, AZITHROMYCIN AND DICLOFENAC SODIUM ON CARRAGEENAN INDUCED HIND PAW EDEMA IN MICE

Background: Obviously, antibacterial agents are primarily directed against bacteria. However, because microorganisms can initiate an exaggerated inflammatory reaction, and as pathogens which persist in cryptic reservoirs (cells or granuloma tissue) can be the underlying cause of chronic inflammation, the hypothesis that antibacterials can down regulate inflammation. Methodology: Healthy adult mice weighing 20 - 30 g and aged 6-8 weeks, each group 6 mice were included. 1% carrageenan administered to produce inflammation. Grouping: Group 1: Normal saline 0.2 ml. i.p., Group 2: Diclofenac sodium 25mg/kg, Group 3 Ciprofloxacin 50 mg/kg, Group 4: Azithromycin 20mg/kg. Drugs were administered Intra Peritoneal. After 30 min of test drugs administration each group of mice were received subplantar administration of 0.05ml of saline (Control) or 0.05ml carrageenan (1%) for test groups 2 to 4. Paw volumes were measured by dipping in to the mercury plethysmograph at 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes and results were tabulated. Results: Diclofenac, ciproflaoxin, Azithromycin inhibited paw edema in % at 30min 42.85, 28.55, 14.28, at 60min 75, 50, 25, at 120min 71.42, 42.85, 14.28, and at 180 min 50, 50, 25 respectively. Conclusion: Ciprofloxacin (50mg/kg) has exhibited consistent anti-inflammatory, but the anti-inflammatory activity of is less than that of Diclofenac sodium and Azithromycin also has exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, though much less when compared to Diclofenac sodium and Ciprofloxacin. Key words: Anti inflammatory effect; Azithromycin; Ciprofloxacin; Diclofenac Sodium; Paw edema; Mice

ANTI INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF CIPROFLOXACIN, AZITHROMYCIN AND DICLOFENAC SODIUM ON CARRAGEENAN INDUCED HIND PAW EDEMA IN MICE

Background: Obviously, antibacterial agents are primarily directed against bacteria. However, because microorganisms can initiate an exaggerated inflammatory reaction, and as pathogens which persist in cryptic reservoirs (cells or granuloma tissue) can be the underlying cause of chronic inflammation, the hypothesis that antibacterials can down regulate inflammation. Methodology: Healthy adult mice weighing 20 - 30 g and aged 6-8 weeks, each group 6 mice were included. 1% carrageenan administered to produce inflammation. Grouping: Group 1: Normal saline 0.2 ml. i.p., Group 2: Diclofenac sodium 25mg/kg, Group 3 Ciprofloxacin 50 mg/kg, Group 4: Azithromycin 20mg/kg. Drugs were administered Intra Peritoneal. After 30 min of test drugs administration each group of mice were received subplantar administration of 0.05ml of saline (Control) or 0.05ml carrageenan (1%) for test groups 2 to 4. Paw volumes were measured by dipping in to the mercury plethysmograph at 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes and results were tabulated. Results: Diclofenac, ciproflaoxin, Azithromycin inhibited paw edema in % at 30min 42.85, 28.55, 14.28, at 60min 75, 50, 25, at 120min 71.42, 42.85, 14.28, and at 180 min 50, 50, 25 respectively. Conclusion: Ciprofloxacin (50mg/kg) has exhibited consistent anti-inflammatory, but the anti-inflammatory activity of is less than that of Diclofenac sodium and Azithromycin also has exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, though much less when compared to Diclofenac sodium and Ciprofloxacin. Key words: Anti inflammatory effect; Azithromycin; Ciprofloxacin; Diclofenac Sodium; Paw edema; Mice

Peak expiratory flow rate; the effect of smoking on younger & middle aged males

A total of 80 male subjects in age group of 20-50 years were selected for the purpose of the study. They were divided in two groups, smokers and non smokers. Each group subdivided into age groups of 20-35 and 36-50 yrs. The criteria for smoking was about 5-10 cigarettes per day since 6-12 months. Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (P.E.F.R.) was determined by using Wright’s peak flow meter. The results showed that in Non-Smoker of age group 20-35 years, (n= 30) the mean PEFR value was 535±50 L/min, whereas in age group 36-50 years, (n=15) the mean P.E.F.R value was 515±50 L/min. In Smokers of age group 20-35 years, (n=10) mean P.E.F.R. value was 374±128 L/min whereas in age group 36-50 years, (n=25) mean P.E.F.R. value was 357±86 L/min. This shows that in smokers P.E.F.R. value is lower compared to Non-smokers in both age groups and that P.E.F.R. is lower in the elder age group in comparison to younger age group

DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GASTRO RETENTIVE MUCOADHESIVE MICROBEADS CONTAINING SIMVASTATIN WITH DIFFERENT CROSS LINKING AGENTS

Objective: The aim of the present work was to prepare and examine drug release of the oral controlled release microbeads using different curing agents by emulsification internal ionic gelation technique. Methods: Cross-linked alginate microbeads were prepared with different cross linking agents by using mucoadhesive properties. The formation and compatibility of microbeads were confirmed by compatibility studies. Prepared microbeads evaluated for encapsulated efficiency, micromeritic properties, drug loading, in vitro wash off studies, in vitro dissolution studies, drug release kinetics and stability studies Results: The in vitro drug release was influenced by both type of curing agents and type of polymers and no significant changes in characterization parameters was observed after 3 mo stability studies. The sustained release profile of optimized batch was found to be 99.66±0.18% in comparison to pure drug profile of 28.64±0.02% at 12 h release study. Results of both wash-off and in vitro studies suggests that batch (SF2) prepared with aluminium chloride has shown better mucoadhesive property. Drug release of optimized batch follows zero order with non fickian mechanism according to Korsmeyer-Peppas equation. Conclusion: The data suggest the use of simvastatin mucoadhesive cross linked microbeads to offer the potential for oral controlled drug delivery with improved gastric retention and capable to provide sustained drug release by using cross linking agents

Three Li-rich K giants: IRAS 12327-6523, IRAS 13539-4153, and IRAS 17596-3952

We report on spectroscopic analyses of three K giants previously suggested to be Li-rich: IRAS 12327-6523, IRAS 13539-4153, and IRAS 17596-3952. High-resolution optical spectra and the LTE model atmospheres are used to derive the stellar parameters: ($T_{\rm eff}$, log $g$, [Fe/H]), elemental abundances, and the isotopic ratio $^{12}$C/$^{13}$C. IRAS 13539-4153 shows an extremely high Li abundance of $\log\epsilon$(Li) $\approx$ 4.2, a value ten times more than the present Li abundance in the local interstellar medium. This is the third highest Li abundance yet reported for a K giant. IRAS 12327-6523 shows a Li abundances of $\log\epsilon$(Li)$\approx$ 1.4. IRAS 17596-3952 is a rapidly rotating ($V{\sin i}$ $\approx$ 35 km s$^{-1}$) K giant with $\log\epsilon$(Li) $\approx$ 2.2. Infrared photometry which shows the presence of an IR excess suggesting mass-loss. A comparison is made between these three stars and previously recognized Li-rich giants.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures, accepted for A

Catalytic non-thermal plasma reactor for the decomposition of a mixture of volatile organic compounds

The decomposition of mixture of selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has been studied in a catalytic non-thermal plasma dielectric barrier discharge reactor. The VOCs mixture consisting n-hexane, cyclo-hexane and p-xylene was chosen for the present study. The decomposition characteristics of mixture of VOCs by the DBD reactor with inner electrode modified with metal oxides of Mn and Co was studied. The results indicated that the order of the removal efficiency of VOCs followed as p-xylene > cyclo-hexane > n-hexane. Among the catalytic study, MnOx/SMF (manganese oxide on sintered metal fibres electrode) shows better performance, probably due to the formation of active oxygen species by in situ decomposition of ozone on the catalyst surface. Water vapour further enhanced the performance due to the in situ formation of OH radicals. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

Many-Body Corrections to Charged-Current Neutrino Absorption Rates in Nuclear Matter

Including nucleon--nucleon correlations due to both Fermi statistics and nuclear forces, we have developed a general formalism for calculating the charged--current neutrino--nucleon absorption rates in nuclear matter. We find that at one half nuclear density many--body effects alone suppress the rates by a factor of two and that the suppression factors increase to $\sim$5 at $4\times10^{14}$ g cm$^{-3}$. The associated increase in the neutrino--matter mean--free--paths parallels that found for neutral--current interactions and opens up interesting possibilities in the context of the delayed supernova mechanism and protoneutron star cooling.Comment: 11 pages, APS REVTeX format, 1 PostScript figure, uuencoded compressed, and tarred, submitted to Physical Review Letter