Multifactor Authentication Key Management System based Security Model Using Effective Handover Tunnel with IPV6

In the current modern world, the way of life style is being completely changed due to the emerging technologies which are reflected in treating the patients too. As there is a tremendous growth in population, the existing e-Healthcare methods are not efficient enough to deal with numerous medical data. There is a delay in caring of patient health as communication networks are poor in quality and moreover smart medical resources are lacking and hence severe causes are experienced in the health of patient. However, authentication is considered as a major challenge ensuring that the illegal participants are not permitted to access the medical data present in cloud. To provide security, the authentication factors required are smart card, password and biometrics. Several approaches based on these are authentication factors are presented for e-Health clouds so far. But mostly serious security defects are experienced with these protocols and even the computation and communication overheads are high. Thus, keeping in mind all these challenges, a novel Multifactor Key management-based authentication by Tunnel IPv6 (MKMA- TIPv6) protocol is introduced for e-Health cloud which prevents main attacks like user anonymity, guessing offline password, impersonation, and stealing smart cards. From the analysis, it is proved that this protocol is effective than the existing ones such as Pair Hand (PH), Linear Combination Authentication Protocol (LCAP), Robust Elliptic Curve Cryptography-based Three factor Authentication (RECCTA) in terms storage cost, Encryption time, Decryption time, computation cost, energy consumption and speed. Hence, the proposed MKMA- TIPv6 achieves 35bits of storage cost, 60sec of encryption time, 50sec decryption time, 45sec computational cost, 50% of energy consumption and 80% speed

Encryption and Decryption of Images with Pixel Data Modification Using Hand Gesture Passcodes

To ensure data security and safeguard sensitive information in society, image encryption and decryption as well as pixel data modifications, are essential. To avoid misuse and preserve trust in our digital environment, it is crucial to use these technologies responsibly and ethically. So, to overcome some of the issues, the authors designed a way to modify pixel data that would hold the hidden information. The objective of this work is to change the pixel values in a way that can be used to store information about black and white image pixel data. Prior to encryption and decryption, by using Python we were able to construct a passcode with hand gestures in the air, then encrypt it without any data loss. It concentrates on keeping track of simply two pixel values. Thus, pixel values are slightly changed to ensure the masked image is not misleading. Considering that the RGB values are at their border values of 254, 255 the test cases of masking overcome issues with the corner values susceptibility

Sustainable electronic document security: a comprehensive framework integrating encryption, digital signature and watermarking algorithms

Protecting electronic documents, especially those containing sensitive data, is a major challenge in an open web. The data security industry has long struggled to manage the security of e-books, data shows that information security issues can cause significant economic losses after three years Although cryptographic methods have been proposed as a solution in of these challenges Focusing on speed and efficiency The shortcomings of traditional encryption methods have been thoroughly examined Although a number of network management techniques assure retention privacy and integrity though, when it comes to encryption. Digital signature algorithms, although effective in detecting unauthorized changes and limiting the scope for copyright protection, do not ensure the confidentiality of shared electronic documents When addressing research gaps addressing this issue, the paper proposes a security framework for electronic documents that combines three important security mechanisms: encryption, digital signatures, and watermark algorithms Dhishu By matching their strengths, constraints are overcome. The combination of encryption and digital signatures is explored as a promising approach to protecting electronic documents, ensuring authenticity and confidentiality Importantly, the need to explore security mechanisms such as digital is highlighted emphasis on handwriting, encryption, and watermarking systems in depth

Abscisic Acid Flux Alterations Result in Differential Abscisic Acid Signaling Responses and Impact Assimilation Efficiency in Barley under Terminal Drought Stress

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a central player in plant responses to drought stress. How variable levels of ABAabscisic acid under short-term versus long-term drought stress impact assimilation and growth in crops is unclear. We addressed this through comparative analysis, using two elite breeding lines of barley (Hordeum vulgare) that show senescence or stay-green phenotype under terminal drought stress and by making use of transgenic barley lines that express Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (AtNCED6) coding sequence or an RNA interference (RNAi) sequence of ABA 8′-hydroxylase under the control of a drought-inducible barley promoter. The high levels of ABA and its catabolites in the senescing breeding line under long-term stress were detrimental for assimilate productivity, whereas these levels were not perturbed in the stay-green type that performed better. In transgenic barley, drought-inducible AtNCED expression afforded temporal control in ABA levels such that the ABA levels rose sooner than in wild-type plants but also subsided, unlike as in the wild type , to near-basal levels upon prolonged stress treatment due to down-regulation of endogenous HvNCED genes. Suppressing of ABA catabolism with the RNA interference approach of ABA 8′-hydroxylase caused ABA flux during the entire period of stress. These transgenic plants performed better than the wild type under stress to maintain a favorable instantaneous water use efficiency and better assimilation. Gene expression analysis, protein structural modeling, and protein-protein interaction analyses of the members of the PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE1/PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE1-LIKE/REGULATORY COMPONENT OF ABA RECEPTORS, TYPE 2C PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE Sucrose non-fermenting1-related protein kinase2, and ABA-INSENSITIVE5/ABA-responsive element binding factor family identified specific members that could potentially impact ABA metabolism and stress adaptation in barley

Mucormycosis: Effect of Comorbidities and Repeated Debridement on the Outcome

Introduction: Mucormycosis is an aggressive, invasive infection caused by ubiquitous filamentous fungibelonging to the subphylum Mucormycotina, order Mucorales. Mucormycosis most commonly affects immunocompromised hosts, but are rarely reported in immunocompetent hosts as well. The most common reported sites of invasive mucormycosis have been the sinuses (39%), lungs (24%), and skin (19%). The hallmark of mucormycosis is angioinvasion resulting in vessel thrombosis and hence, tissue necrosis.   Materials and Methods: Ambispective study of 20 cases with mucormycosis seen and treated in our hospital between 2009 and 2015 and followed up to 2017 to compare the prognosis of the cases of repeated debridement with that of single debridement and effect of comorbidities in the outcome of patients mortality .   Results: Out of 20 patients 19 (95%) received Liposomal Amphotericin B. 11 (55%) were male and 9 (45%) were female. All the 7 (35%) who underwent repeated debridement survived. Out of 13 (65%) patients who underwent single debridement, 5 (25%) did not survive. 2 (10%) patients were lost for follow up. The survival amongst the patients undergoing multiple debridement and single debridement was statistically significant (p=0.042) Conclusion: The chances of survival are better in cases with better controlled comorbid conditions like diabetes mellitus. Repeated debridement with Liposomal Amphotericin B is the most effective mode of management

Frontal Sinusitis Management: Intact Ethmoidal Bulla Technique Vs Ethmoidal Bullectomy

Introduction Conventional functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) for frontal sinusitis treatment involves ethmoidal bullectomy, that is associated with damage to the surrounding structures. These complications can be overcome by minimally invasive FESS anterior to the ethmoidal bulla that allows ease in locating the sinus ostium, eliminating risk of injury to anterior skull base and nearby structures. This study aims to compare the efficacy of ethmoidal bullectomy versus intact ethmoidal bulla technique as an adjunct to FESS in frontal sinusitis management. Materials and Methods Forty patients, clinically and radiologically diagnosed with frontal sinusitis, were randomly divided into 2 groups: Group A (n=20; treated with FESS keeping the ethmoidal bulla intact) and Group B (n=20; treated using FESS with ethmoidal bullectomy). After detailed history and clinico-radiological examinations, diagnostic nasal endoscopy was performed, followed by FESS. Pre- and post-operative endoscopic and clinical assessment was done using Modified Lund-Kennedy Endoscopy (MLKE) Score and Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) Questionnaire, respectively. Data was analyzed using software R version 3.6.3. Results  Significant reductions in SNOT-22 (clinical improvement) and MLKE scores (endoscopic improvement) were seen within the groups from baseline to each follow-up visit and between the successive recall visits (p0.05). Complications were seen only in Group B. Conclusion Both, ethmoidal bullectomy and intact ethmoidal bulla technique, when used as adjuncts to FESS, showed similar improvements in frontal sinusitis patients. However, bullectomy was associated with greater risk of intra-operative complications

FPGA Based Design and Validation of Asymmetrical Reduced Switch Multilevel Inverter

This paper proposes a new Asymmetrical multilevel inverter topology with reduced number of switches. This topology is superior to the existing multilevel inverter (MLI) configurations in terms of lower total harmonic distortion (THD) value and lower cost. The idea incorporates a new module setup comprising of four different voltage sources having voltage output levels in a specific ratio. The proposed topology uses a novel pulse width modulation (PWM) technique (as presented) to control the gating pulses. The operation is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK and its results are validated through FPGA Spartan 3 based hardware prototype inverter (using three voltage sources to produce a 7 level output, which may be extended to 15 level). The circuit complexity is drastically reduced and it is suitable for medium and high power applications. THD for the output is quite low when compared with the conventional inverter

Mucormycosis: Effect of Comorbidities and Repeated Debridement on the Outcome

Introduction: Mucormycosis is an aggressive, invasive infection caused by ubiquitous filamentous fungibelonging to the subphylum Mucormycotina, order Mucorales. Mucormycosis most commonly affects immunocompromised hosts, but are rarely reported in immunocompetent hosts as well. The most common reported sites of invasive mucormycosis have been the sinuses (39%), lungs (24%), and skin (19%). The hallmark of mucormycosis is angioinvasion resulting in vessel thrombosis and hence, tissue necrosis.   Materials and Methods: Ambispective study of 20 cases with mucormycosis seen and treated in our hospital between 2009 and 2015 and followed up to 2017 to compare the prognosis of the cases of repeated debridement with that of single debridement and effect of comorbidities in the outcome of patients mortality .   Results: Out of 20 patients 19 (95%) received Liposomal Amphotericin B. 11 (55%) were male and 9 (45%) were female. All the 7 (35%) who underwent repeated debridement survived. Out of 13 (65%) patients who underwent single debridement, 5 (25%) did not survive. 2 (10%) patients were lost for follow up. The survival amongst the patients undergoing multiple debridement and single debridement was statistically significant (p=0.042) Conclusion: The chances of survival are better in cases with better controlled comorbid conditions like diabetes mellitus. Repeated debridement with Liposomal Amphotericin B is the most effective mode of management