COMPARATIVE ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF MARKETED GLICLAZIDE FORMULATION WITH GLICLAZIDE LOADED PELLETS CONTAINING GUM KONDAGOGU AS A DRUG RETARDING MATERIAL IN RATS

Controlled drug delivery systems significantly enhances therapeutic efficacy of drugs. Drug retarding polymers are the key performers in such designed systems.Objective: The main objective of study is to evaluate antidiabetic effect of gliclazide loaded pellets developed by green synthesis technique where in gum Kondagogu is used as natural drug retarding polymer and compared with existing Gliclazide Marketed formulation. Methods: The study is carried out in Wistar rats with body weight ranging between 100-220g. Diabetes was induced in animals by injecting alloxan 150mg/kg/bodyweight intraperitoneally (i.p.). Animals were divided into four groups. Group I - Control, Group II- Diabetic Control, Group III- Diabetic treated with Gliclazide Marketed formulation, and Group IV- Diabetic treated with gliclazide loaded pellets orally. Fasting blood glucose levels were estimated at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 hours to understand the release of the drug from polymer matrix.Results: The results have shown that the on single oral administration of gliclazide loaded pellets coated with gum Kondagogu showed almost similar anti-diabetic activity when compared with marketed formulation  The maximum reduction  in the glucose level were observed at 4th and 6th hour and later the glucose levels were sustained in the same pattern to that of marketed formulation.Conclusion: In the present study, an effort has been made to evaluate the efficacy of gum kondagogu as a novel controlled release matrix forming material and thus it could be concluded that gum kondagogu could be a controlled release matrix polymer and be a suitable substituent to existing synthetic polymers for drug retardation in the pharmaceutical industry. KEYWORDS: Gum Kondagogu, Gliclazide, tree gum exudates, natural drug retarding materia

Supervised Content based Image Retrieval using Fuzzy Texton and Shearlet Transform

In this paper we proposed, a novel framework to assist and automate the diagnosis of diseases from computer-based image analysis method using Content-based image retrieval (CBIR). CBIR is the process of retrieving related images from large database collections by using low level image features such as color, texture and shape etc. we have used fuzzy texton and discrete shearlet transform to extract texture and shape features. The aim is to support decision making by retrieving and displaying relevant past cases visually similar to the one under examination with relevance feedback using Support Vector Machines

Esthetic Replacement of Maxillary Lateral Incisor with Mary Lever Prosthesis: A Novel Conservative Approach

Dentists often question the use of resin-bonded fixed partial dentures (RBFPDs) for reliable restoration of tooth-bound edentulous spaces. Initial attempts at bonding fixed partialdentures on teeth resulted in early failure due to debonding. In the 1980s and 1990s, improvements in preparation methods, metal alloys and bonding techniques made the RBFPD a more predictable option. This article provides a case report of a restoring a missing maxillary lateral incisor with modified Maryland with the advantages of being fixed to provide a stronger bond as well as being kinder to the periodontal tissues

Integrated Multiple Features for Tumor Image Retrieval Using Classifier and Feedback Methods

AbstractThe content based image retrieval method greatly assists in retrieving medical images close to the query image from a large database basing on their visual features. This paper presents an effective approach in which the region of the object is extracted with the help of multiple features ignoring the background of the object by employing edge following segmentation method followed by extracting texture and shape characteristics of the images. The former is extracted with the help of Steerable filter at different orientations and radial Chebyshev moments are used for extracting the later. Initially the images similar to the query image are extracted from a large group of medical images. Then the search is by accelerating the retrieval process with the help of Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. The performance of the retrieval system is enhanced by adapting the subjective feedback method. The experimental results show that the proposed region based multiple features and integrated with classifier and subjective feedback method yields better results than classical retrieval systems

ESTIMATION OF PHYTOCHEMICALS SCREENING AND SUN PROTECTION FACTOR (SPF) NUMBER IN COMMONLY USED ETHANOLIC FRUIT EXTRACTS

The aim of the present study is phytochemical screening and the ultraviolet absorption properties of ethanolic herbal extracts of some commonly used vegetable sources by determining the sun protection factor (spf) number. The invitro SPF number is determined according to the spectrophotomertic method described by Mansur et.al.,. Ethanolic herbal extracts were prepared and after dilution with alcoholic solutions the absorbance were recorded between 290-320 using uv-vis spectrophotometry. It was observed that all of the ethanolic herbal extract showed some UV protection capability. keywords :sun protection factor, spectrophotomertic , ethanolic extrac

Antioxidant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Leucas cephalotes (Roxb.ex Roth) Spreng

The whole plant of the methanolic extract from Leucas cephalotes was screened for invitro antioxidant (using the DPPH method), invivo analgesic (using hot plate test in mice) and anti-inflammatory (using rat paw edema test) activities. The methanolic extract of Leucas cephalotes (MELC) scavenged the DPPH radicals in a dose-dependent manner. The IC50 value to scavenge DPPH radicals was found to be 421.3µg/ml. A significant (pO extrato metanólico total de Leucas cephalotes foi submetido à triagem para as atividades antioxidante in vitro (utilizando o método DPPH), analgésica (utilizando teste da placa quente, em camundongos) e antiinflamatória (utilizando teste de edema da pata de rato), nas doses de 200 e 400 mg/kg. O extrato metanólico de Leucas cephalotes (MELC) inativou radicais difenil picril hidrazila (DPPH) de forma dose-dependente. O IC50 para essa atividade foi de 421,3 µg/mL. Observou-se atividade analgésica significativa (

HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF THE METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF WHOLE PLANT OF BORRERIA ARTICULARIS ON CARBON TETRACHLORIDE INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN ALBINO RATS

The hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of Borreria articularis (L.F) F.N. Willams: (Rubiaceae) at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg were evaluated by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication in rats. The toxic group which received 25%CCl4inolive oil (1 ml/kg) per oral (p.o), alone exhibited significant increase in serum ALT, AST, ALP, TBlevels. It also exhibited significant (P<0.001) decrease in TP and ALB levels. The groups received pretreatment of Borreria articularis at a dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w.p.o. had reduced the AST, ALT, ALP and TB levels and the effects were compared withstandarddrug(Silymarin100mg/kgb.w.p.o).Thetotal protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) levels were significantly increased in the animalsreceived pretreatment of the extract at the moderate and higher dose levels and the histopathological studies also supported the protective effect of the extract

Evaluation of anti ulcer activity of ethanolic root extract of Beta vulgaris in rats

Background: Beta vulgaris (chenopodiacea) is a plant reported for its variety of ethnic medicinal uses. Hence we have planned to screen anti ulcer activity of root of the plant with the alcoholic extract. Root powders successively extracted with alcohol and were subjected for phytochemical screening to identify different phytoconstituents.Methods: Anti ulcer activity was evaluated in various animal models like pylorus ligation and ethanol induced ulcer models in rats.Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, saponins, polyphenols. No mortality was observed with root extract up to maximum dose level of 4g/kg. Further alcoholic extract of 200 and 400mg/ kg / p.o significantly (p˂0.01) reduced the ulcer score, ulcer number, ulcer index, free acidity and total acidity in pylorus ligation and ethanol induced ulcer models in rats.Conclusions: The present study revealed that the root extract of Beta vulgaris has antiulcer activity