Task Tree Retrieval For Robotic Cooking

This paper is based on developing different algorithms, which generate the task tree planning for the given goal node(recipe). The knowledge representation of the dishes is called FOON. It contains the different objects and their between them with respective to the motion node The graphical representation of FOON is made by noticing the change in the state of an object with respect to the human manipulators. We will explore how the FOON is created for different recipes by the robots. Task planning contains difficulties in exploring unknown problems, as its knowledge is limited to the FOON. To get the task tree planning for a given recipe, the robot will retrieve the information of different functional units from the knowledge retrieval process called FOON. Thus the generated subgraphs will allow the robot to cook the required dish. Thus the robot can able to cook the given recipe by following the sequence of instructions

Elastic properties and spectroscopic studies of fast ion conducting Li2O-ZnO-B2O3 glass system

Glass systems of the composition xLi(2)O-20ZnO-(80 - x)B2O3 where (x = 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mol%) have been prepared by melt quenching technique. Elastic properties, 1 B-11 MAS-NMR and IR spectroscopic studies have been employed to study the structure of Li2O-ZnO-B2O3 glasses. Elastic properties have been investigated using sound velocity measurements at 10 MHz. Elastic moduli reveal trends in their compositional dependence. The bulk modulus and shear modulus increases monotonically with increase of BO4 units, which increase the dimensionality of the network. B-11 MAS-NMR and IR spectra show characteristic features of borate network and compositional dependent trends as a function of Li2O/ZnO concentration. The results are discussed in view of berate network and the dual structural role of Zn2+ ions. The results indicate that the Zn2+ are likely to occupy network-forming positions in this glass system. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

ADDING NEW RACKS AND RECABLING WITHOUT NETWORK DISRUPTION AND FACILITATING MIS-CABLING DETECTION

As network fabric deployments continue to grow larger and more immense, there are challenges involving the management cabling arrangements and debugging mis-cabling issues for large-scale full mesh leaf-spine networks. Additionally, the need for the automatic discovery of every component of a large fabric, which can be expanded dynamically, becomes a challenging task. Accordingly, techniques are presented herein that aid in the automatic detection of mis-cabling issues, the automatic discovery of a rack’s location within a large-scale data center, and the automatic detection of the addition of a new rack to a data center, all without disrupting network traffic within a dynamically expanding fabric. Aspects of the presented techniques provide an algorithm that can automatically detect such mis-cabling issues. Further aspects of the presented techniques support a tool that may be used to detect mis-cabling (e.g., in the case of inter-communication failures among the nodes)

Synthesis, luminescence properties and EPR investigation of hydrothermally derived uniform ZnO hexagonal rods

One-dimensional (1D) zinc oxide (ZnO) hexagonal rods have been successfully synthesized by surfactant free hydrothermal process at different temperatures. It can be found that the reaction temperature play a crucial role in the formation of ZnO uniform hexagonal rods. The possible formation processes of 1-D ZnO hexagonal rods were investigated. The zinc hydroxide acts as the morphology-formative intermediate for the formation of ZnO nanorods. Upon excitation at 325 nm, the sample prepared at 180 °C show several emission bands at 400 nm (∼3.10 eV), 420 nm (∼2.95 eV), 482 nm (∼2.57 eV) and 524 nm (∼2.36 eV) corresponding to different kind of defects. TL studies were carried out by pre-irradiating samples with γ-rays ranging from 1 to 7 kGy at room temperature. A well resolved glow peak at ∼354 °C was recorded which can be ascribed to deep traps. Furthermore, the defects associated with surface states in ZnO nano-structures are characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance

Identification and validation of an allele specific marker associated with pungency in Capsicum spp.

Pungency or heat in Capsicum spp. is due to the accumulation of unique secondary compounds known as capsaicinoids in their placental tissues. Detecting presence or absence of pungency at the nursery stage is a challenging task in CMS based hybrid pepper breeding programs. In this study a DNA sequence possibly related to pungency trait with high similarity to Pun1 or At3 gene was investigated. Nucleotide alignment of the obtained sequences and corresponding fragment from the data base has revealed a 16bp deletion in C.annuum ‘Maor’. A multiplex agarose based co-dominant marker was designed to detect the identified polymorphism and named it as Cen1. This Cen1 marker is validated in a panel of 27 pepper genotypes belonging to C.annuum, C.chinensis, C.frutescens and C.baccatum for its wide utility. All these Capsicum accessions were correctly discriminated with phenotype. In addition, the ability of Cen1 marker to discriminate homozygous and heterozygous plants was demonstrated in F1 hybrids crossed from a non pungent ‘Maor’ and a pungent ‘Habanero’. The Cen1 marker was also associated with phenotypic character in the tested genotypes. Moreover the linkage association of Cen1 with At3 or Pun1 gene has also been discussed. Therefore the developed functional marker in this study will be highly useful in marker assisted selection (MAS) programmes, germplasam characterization and seed purity testing of chill

Combustion synthesis, characterization and Raman studies of ZnO nanopowders

Spherical shaped ZnO nanopowders (14-50 nm) were synthesized by a low temperature solution combustion method in a short time <5 min. Rietveld analysis show that ZnO has hexagonal wurtzite structure with lattice constants a = 3.2511(1) , c = 5.2076(2) , unit cell volume (V) = 47.66(5) () 3 and belongs to space group P63mc. SEM micrographs reveal that the particles are spherical in shape and the powders contained several voids and pores. TEM results also confirm spherical shape, with average particle size of 14-50 nm. The values are consistent with the grain sizes measured from Scherrer's method and Williamson-Hall (W-H) plots. A broad UV-vis absorption spectrum was observed at �375 nm which is a characteristic band for the wurtzite hexagonal pure ZnO. The optical energy band gap of 3.24 eV was observed for nanopowder which is slightly lower than that of the bulk ZnO (3.37 eV). The observed Raman peaks at 438 and 588 cm -1 were attributed to the E 2 (high) and E 1 (LO) modes respectively. The broad band at 564 cm -1 is due to disorder-activated Raman scattering for the A 1 mode. These bands are associated with the first-order Raman active modes of the ZnO phase. The weak bands observed in the range 750-1000 cm -1 are due to small defects. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All Rights Reserved

EPR and photoluminescence studies of ZnO:Mn nanophosphors prepared by solution combustion route

Nanocrystalline ZnO:Mn (0.1 mol%) phosphors have been successfully prepared by self propagating, gas producing solution combustion method. The powder X-ray diffraction of as-formed ZnO:Mn sample shows, hexagonal wurtzite phase with particle size of ∼40 nm. For Mn doped ZnO, the lattice parameters and volume of unit cell (a = 3.23065 Å, c = 5.27563 Å and V = 47.684 (Å)3) are found to be greater than that of undoped ZnO (a = 3.19993 Å, c = 5.22546 Å and V = 46.336 (Å)3). The SEM micrographs reveal that besides the spherical crystals, the powders also contained several voids and pores. The TEM photograph also shows the particles are approximately spherical in nature. The FTIR spectrum shows two peaks at ∼3428 and 1598 cm−1 which are attributed to O–H stretching and H–O–H bending vibration. The PL spectra of ZnO:Mn indicate a strong green emission peak at 526 nm and a weak red emission at 636 nm corresponding to 4T1 → 6A1 transition of Mn2+ ions. The EPR spectrum exhibits fine structure transition which will be split into six hyperfine components due to 55Mn hyperfine coupling giving rise to all 30 allowed transitions. From EPR spectra the spin-Hamiltonian parameters have been evaluated and discussed. The magnitude of the hyperfine splitting (A) constant indicates that there exists a moderately covalent bonding between the Mn2+ ions and the surrounding ligands. The number of spins participating in resonance (N), its paramagnetic susceptibility (χ) have been evaluated

EPR, thermo and photoluminescence properties of ZnO nanopowders

Nanocrystalline ZnO powders have been synthesized by a low temperature solution combustion method. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of as-formed and heat treated ZnO shows strong violet (402, 421, 437, 485 nm) and weak green (520 nm) emission peaks respectively. The PL intensities of defect related emission bands decrease with calcinations temperature indicating the decrease of Zn i and V o + caused by the chemisorptions of oxygen. The results are correlated with the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies. Thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves of gamma irradiated ZnO nanoparticles exhibit a single broad glow peak at �343 °C. This can be attributed to the recombination of charge carriers released from the surface states associated with oxygen defects, mainly interstitial oxygen ion centers. The trapping parameters of ZnO irradiated with various γ-doses are calculated using peak shape method. It is observed that the glow peak intensity increases with increase of gamma dose without changing glow curve shape. These two characteristic properties such as TL intensity increases with gamma dose and simple glow curve structure is an indication that the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles might be used as good TL dosimeter for high temperature application. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All Rights Reserved

Structural, EPR, photo and thermoluminescence properties of ZnO:Fe nanoparticles

Zn (1-x)Fe (x)O (1+0.5x) (x = 0.5-5 mol) nanoparticles were synthesized by a low temperature solution combustion route. The structural characterization of these nanoparticles by PXRD, SEM and TEM confirmed the phase purity of the samples and indicated a reduction in the particle size with increase in Fe content. A small increase in micro strain in the Fe doped nanocrystals is observed from W-H plots. EPR spectrum exhibits an intense resonance signal with effective g values at g â 2.0 with a sextet hyperfine structure (hfs) besides a weak signal at g â 4.13. The signal at g â 2.0 with a sextet hyperfine structure might be due to manganese impurity where as the resonance signal at g â 4.13 is due to iron. The optical band gap E g was found to decrease with increase of Fe content. Raman spectra exhibit two non-polar optical phonon (E 2) modes at low and high frequencies at 100 and 435 cm -1 in Fe doped samples. These modes broaden and disappear with increase of Fe dopant concentration. TL measurements of γ-irradiated (1-5 kGy) samples show a main glow peak at 368°C at a warming rate of 6.7°Cs -1. The thermal activation parameters were estimated from Glow peak shape method. The average activation energy was found to be in the range 0.34-2.81 eV. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Improving Heat Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants

High temperature response (HTR) or heat stress response (HSR) is a highly conserved phenomenon, which involves complex networks among different crop species. Heat stress usually results in protein dysfunction by improper folding of its linear amino acid chains to non-native proteins. This leads to unfavourable interactions and subsequent protein aggregation. To tackle this, plants have developed molecular chaperone machinery to maintain high quality proteins in the cell. This is governed by increasing the level of pre-existing molecular chaperones and by expressing additional chaperones through signalling mechanism. Dissecting the molecular mechanism by which plants counter heat stress and identification of important molecules involved are of high priority. This could help in the development of plants with improved heat stress tolerance through advanced genomics and genetic engineering approaches. Owing to this reason molecular chaperones/Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are considered as potential candidates to address the issue of heat stress. In this chapter, recent progress on systematic analyses of heat shock proteins, their classification and role in plant response to heat stress along with an overview of genomic and transgenic approaches to overcome the issue, are summarized