COMPARATIVE STUDY OF IN SILICO AND IN VITRO ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF TRADITIONAL INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS-A REVERSE PHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACH

Objective: Cancer is one of the major deaths occurring worldwide and its prophylaxis demands the daily consumption of extracts or dietary supplements of traditional medicinal plants which possess anticancer activities. This study focuses on the evaluation of the chemo preventive and antiproliferative effects of the active constituents of Indian medicinal plants such as Withaniasomnifera, Phyllanthusemblica and Zingiberofficinale by in silico and in vitro studies.Methods: In silico docking analysis is performed using Molegro Virtual Docker choosing the targets as p-glycoprotein and thymidylate synthase for the identified phytoconstituents. In vitro colorimetric cell metabolic activity assay is performed for the standardized extracts of these plants in various cell lines using the standards.Results: The phytoconstituents in the plants, Withaniasomnifera and Phyllanthusemblica revealed good binding affinity towards thymidylate synthase and p-glycoprotein respectively as compared to that of the standards.Conclusion: Phyllanthusemblica showed a maximal antiproliferative effect on breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) when compared to the other plant extracts. Zingiber officinalis was found to inhibit HT-29 cell lines to a greater extent and Withaniasomniferum resulted in highest A549 cell death. A combination of these extracts in any dosage form could be used in the therapeutic efficacy in cancer

In situ measurement and management of soil, air, noise and water pollution in and around the Limestone mining area of Yerraguntla, YSR kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India for the sustainable development

For emerging countries, mining has been a vital factor in employment, economic development, infrastructure, and supply of essential raw materials for Nation’s Gross domestic product (GDP) growth. The Limestone mine industry is serving as a viable route for economic transformation in India.  Limestone exploration causes major damage to the environment at Yerraguntla industrial zone, YSR Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh, India. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the environmental Pollution parameter that causes Air, Water, Noise, and Soil pollution in and around limestone quarries started in the early 1984. The present study estimated Air Quality Index (AQI) as 76 based on the air quality sub-index approach using four pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx) for a period of 24 hrs by taking one sample per hour during the post monsoon. Water Quality Index (WQI) obtained as 303.91 from fourteen physicochemical parameters (pH, EC, fluoride, Total alkalinity etc.) measured from water samples. Soil quality was determined using four physicochemical parameters (pH, EC, WHC, Calcium and Magnesium) from the soil samples collected from ten sampling stations. The obtained pH range was (7.6 to 9.4), EC of the soil was determined as 4,140 µs/cm, the water retention capacity of the soil, ranges from (17.68 to 97.68) %, and the Calcium (Ca2+) and Magnesium (Mg2+) ranged from 74.5 to 272.75 mEq/L. Noise levels were determined as 76.64 dB in the mine’s, 58.16 dB in the cement industry, and 52.285 dB in the mine surrounding villages. This study can help mining sector management’s in developing a sustainable Environmental Management frame work to meet the world sustainable development goals  (SDGs)

FACTORIAL STUDIES ON ENHANCEMENT OF DISSOLUTION RATE AND FORMULATION OF ACECLOFENAC TABLETS EMPLOYING Î’CDAND KOLLIPHOR HS15

Aceclofenac is an effective anti inflammatory and analgesic drug. It belongs to class II under Biopharmaceutical classification system and exhibit low and variable oral bioavailability due to its poor solubility. It is practically insoluble in water and aqueous fluids and its oral absorption is dissolution rate limited. It needs enhancement in solubility and dissolution rate for improvement of its oral bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. The objective of the present study is to enhance the dissolution rate and formulation development of aceclofenac tablets with fast dissolution characteristics employing βCD and Kolliphor HS15, a non ionic surfactant. The individual and combined effects of βCD (factor A) and Kolliphor HS15 (factor B) on the dissolution rate of aceclofenac from solid inclusion complexes and their tablets were evaluated in a series of 22 factorial experiments. The feasibility of formulating aceclofenac - βCD-Kolliphor HS15 inclusion complexes into tablets with fast dissolution rate characteristics was also investigated. Kolliphor HS15 has not been investigated earlier for this purpose. The individual and combined effects of βCD and Kolliphor HS15 in enhancing the dissolution rate and dissolution efficiency of aceclofenac from solid inclusion complexes and their tablets were highly significant (P < 0.01). The dissolution of aceclofenac was rapid and higher in the case of aceclofenac- βCD and aceclofenac- βCD - Kolliphor HS15 complexes prepared when compared to aceclofenac pure drug. β CD alone gave a 8.66 fold increase and in combination with Kolliphor HS15 it gave 9.85 fold increase in the dissolution rate of (K1) of aceclofenac. Aceclofenac –βCD – Kolliphor HS15 inclusion complexes could be formulated into compressed tablets by wet granulation method and the resulting tablets also gave rapid and higher dissolution of aceclofenac. Aceclofenac tablets formulated with βCD and Kolliphor HS15 individually gave 4.75 and 6.1 fold increase in the dissolution rate and those containing drug - βCD -Kolliphor HS15 complex gave much higher enhancement (21.35 fold) in the dissolution rate when compared to tablets formulated with aceclofenac pure drug. Combination of βCD and Kolliphor HS15 gave much higher enhancement in the dissolution rate of aceclofenac tablets than is possible with them individually. A combination of βCD with Kolliphor HS15 is recommended to enhance the dissolution rate in the formulation development of aceclofenac tablets with fast dissolution rate characteristics

EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTI-OXIDANT AND ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF MARINE GREEN ALGAE CAULERPA RACEMOSA

Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate in vitro anti-oxidant activity and in vitro anti arthritic activity of methanolic extract of Caulerpa racemosa.Methods: The in vitro anti oxidant activity was evaluated by using following method viz; DPPH scavenging activity, Nitric oxide scavenging activity, Total anti-oxidant activity, Determination of reducing power. The in vitro anti arthritic activity was evaluated by using protein denaturation method.Results: Methanolic extract of Caulerpa racemosa showed a very good anti-radical activity in scavenging DPPH radical and nitric oxide radical with maximum % inhibition of 88.87±1.05% at 2000μg/0.1 ml concentration and 80.49±1.43% at 2000μg/ml respectively. Total anti-oxidant activity and reducing power of Caulerpa racemosa was found to be 32μg equivalents of ascorbic acid at 500 μg/ml and 88.80±0.98% at 2000μg/0.05 ml respectively. The methanolic extract showed 49.33±0.597% of percentage inhibition at 1000μg/0.05 ml by protein denaturation method.Conclusion: From the results obtained, it can be concluded that the methanolic extract of Caulerpa racemosa possesses significant anti-oxidant and anti-arthritic activity. Further studies are required to signify the mechanism of action of these pharmacological activities and to mark them out for their significant pharmacological actions.Â

Drug Usage Evaluation of Dapsone

Dapsone has been the principal drug in a multidrug regimen recommended by the World Health Organization for the treatment of leprosy. It is also widely used by dermatologists in varied skin conditions like dermatitis herpetiformis, bullous pemphigoid, Behcet's disease, lupus erythematous and a host of other skin diseases. Hence an attempt has been made to review the utilization and qualitative evaluation of dapsone over a period of 6 months in a tertiary care teaching hospital. The study consisted of 80 patients (54 leprosy and 26 non-leprosy patients), prescribed with dapsone 100 mg oral once daily. The prescribing patterns of dapsone in leprosy and other dermatological conditions (non-leprosy) were analyzed and the safety, efficacy and appropriateness of the doses prescribed were reviewed. The adverse drug reactions observed in the study population were type I Lepra reactions, gastrointestinal side effects (abdominal pain and anorexia), peripheral neuropathy, other nervous side effects (insomnia, headache and vertigo) and other adverse reactions (fever and tinnitus). Patient information leaflets were distributed to patients to educate on the appropriate use of dapsone