Effect of initial pH of medium with potato wastewater and glycerol on protein, lipid and carotenoid biosynthesis by Rhodotorula glutinis

Background: Rhodotorula glutinis is capable of synthesizing numerous valuable metabolites with extensive potential industrial usage. This paper reports the effect of initial culture medium pH on growth and protein, lipid, and carotenoid biosynthesis by R. glutinis. Results: The highest biomass yield was obtained in media with pH 4.0\u20137.0, and the value after 72 h was 17.2\u201319.4 gd.w./L. An initial pH of the medium in the range of 4.0\u20137.0 has no significant effect on the protein (38.5\u201341.3 g/100 gd.w.), lipid (10.2\u201312.7 g/100 gd.w.), or carotenoid (191.7\u2013202.9 \u3bcg/gd.w.) content in the biomass or on the profile of synthesized fatty acids and carotenoids. The whole pool of fatty acids was dominated by oleic (48.1\u201353.4%), linoleic (21.4\u201325.1%), and palmitic acids (13.0\u201315.8%). In these conditions, the yeast mainly synthesized torulene (43.5\u201347.7%) and \u3b2-carotene (34.7\u201338.6%), whereas the contribution of torularhodin was only 12.1\u201316.8%. Cultivation in medium with initial pH 3.0 resulted in a reduction in growth (13.0 gd.w./L) and total carotenoid (115.8 \u3bcg/gd.w.), linoleic acid (11.5%), and torularhodin (4.5%) biosynthesis. Conclusion: The different values of initial pH of the culture medium with glycerol and deproteinized potato wastewater had a significant effect on the growth and protein, lipid, and carotenoid biosynthesis by R. glutinis

REMOVING AGGRESSIVE CARBON DIOXIDE FROM WATER USING MELAPHYRE BED

The experiment was based on filtration of the highly aggressive water through the melaphyre bed. The quartz bed was non-reactive reference material. The aim of this work was to determine the ability of the melaphyre to remove aggressive CO2 during the chemical reaction. It was noted that a decrease of acidity of the filtrate in comparison to the feed and an increase of its alkalinity and pH. It was calculated that until the moment of exhaustion of the de-acidifying properties of the melaphyre, maximum amount of bound CO2 added to the water was 29.7 g CO2/L of the bed, and maximum amount of the aggressive CO2 removed from the water was 33.3 g CO2/L of the bed. Regarding very high content of the aggressive CO2 (116 mg/L average) in the feed only 28.76% of this component was subject to transformation into bound and affiliated CO2 in the filtrate. For the melaphyre bed the CO2 loss from the experiment system following from desorption was 7.80% of the total load of CO2 added with the feed. On the quartz bed the loss was slightly lower 4.56%

Comparison the Adsorption Capacity of Ukrainian Tuff and Basalt with Zeolite–Manganese Removal from Water Solution

Manganese is an undesirable element in tap water but is common in the groundwater. Several methods can be used for manganese removal, including adsorption. Mined rocks are commonly evaluated as adsorbents and it was the objective of this paper – to investigate the Ukrainian volcanic tuff and basaltic rock from the Ivanodolinsky quarry and compare it with Ukrainian zeolite as well as with literature data. The research was based on equilibrated batch tests at a temperature of 10°C and slightly acidic pH. The data were treated using Langmuir and Freundlich models in the linear form. The results indicated the spontaneous and favourable adsorption of manganese. The volcanic tuff was characterized by the highest adsorption capacity, twice higher than basalt and zeolite. The heterogeneity of the active adsorption sites on the tuff was also greater and resulted from the diversity of the mineral composition. Considering the literature data, the properties of tuff are worth further research

Technological Conditions for the Coagulation of Wastewater from Cosmetic Industry

Coagulation is often used for the pre-treatment of industry wastewater, with effectiveness strictly dependent on technological conditions. This study aimed to determine what technological parameters of coagulation of cosmetic industry wastewater provided the highest efficiency of clarification. The dosages of reagents, the order of dosing, as well as the one- and two-stage processes were investigated. Samples of raw wastewater were collected from average daily effluent from a cosmetics manufacturing plant. Liquid coagulant PIX 111 (FeCl3) and NaOH as a pH-adjusting agent were used. Jar-test experiments were carried out to determine the optimum conditions for turbidity and total organic carbon (TOC) removal. The efficiency of clarification was high (90–99%) across a wide range of pH values (6–9) and coagulant doses (0.5–1.25 mL/L). What is important, the coagulant dose of 0.56 mL/L provided 97.6 % clarification efficiency without the addition of the alkali. The minimal stoichiometric excess of alkalinity for effective coagulation was 0.5 mmol/L. In all samples, the removal efficiency for TOC was lower than for turbidity, because some of the organic carbon forms were non-coagulating dissolved compounds. The wastewater from tonic and fluid production was very susceptible to coagulation. The addition of the coagulant before the alkali resulted in better wastewater treatment efficiency than the reverse order. Single-stage process with optimal doses of the reagents allowed to clarify wastewater to a level of 10 NTU. On the other hand, the two-stage process brought the turbidity down to 1 NTU level

The Kinetics of Manganese Sorption on Ukrainian Tuff and Basalt—Order and Diffusion Models Analysis

The study aimed to determine the nature of the kinetics of the manganese sorption process on Ukrainian tuff and basalt at different temperatures characteristic of the natural water environment. The scope of the research included manganese sorption kinetic test on natural mineral sorbents at temperatures of 10, 17.5 and 25 °C in slightly acidic conditions. Sorption (pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and Elovich models) and diffusion kinetic models (liquid film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion) were used in the analysis of test results. The manganese sorption process on both tuff and basalt proceeded quickly. The dynamic equilibrium state of manganese sorption settled after 35 and 45 min on tuff and basalt respectively. Although the process took place in a slightly acidic environment and below pHPZC of the sorbents, possible electrostatic repulsion did not inhibit the removal of Mn. The Mn sorption on both materials followed the PSO kinetics model. Based on the diffusion kinetic models, it was determined that Mn sorption process on both materials was influenced by diffusion through the boundary layer and intraparticle diffusion. The differences in removal efficiency and rate of Mn sorption in the temperature range of 10–25 °C were not found

The Characterization of Ukrainian Volcanic Tuffs from the Khmelnytsky Region with the Theoretical Analysis of Their Application in Construction and Environmental Technologies

(1) The mineral deposits are the base resources of materials used in building and environmental engineering applications, especially available locally. Two wells of volcanic tuff deposits in the Khmelnytsky region of Ukraine were investigated in this regard. (2) Physical-mechanical, chemical, and mineralogical analyses of the core samples were carried out. (3) The tuff samples were characterized by visible colour, low compressive strength (4.34–11.13 MPa), and high water absorption (30%). The dominant minerals of the upper horizon were chlorite, pyroxene, kaolinite, quartz, hematite, and calcite, while those of the lower horizon included analcime, quartz, hematite, and calcite. (4) The studied volcanic tuffs seem to be only partly useful for construction applications, and considering their visible colour, the exterior decoration of engineering objects could be possible. The peculiarity of the minerals of the upper horizon is that their crystals consist of Fe2+. An analysis of existing scientific data made it possible to say that these minerals can be considered as an alternative to expensive metallic iron in reducing the toxicity of chromium, uranium, and halogenated organic compounds. The significant presence of hematite allows the application of tuffs to technologies of water purification from As5+, As3+, Cr6+, Cr3+, U6+, Sb5+, and Se4+ oxyanions

Mineral Materials Coated with and Consisting of MnOx—Characteristics and Application of Filter Media for Groundwater Treatment: A Review

For groundwater treatment, the technologies involving oxidation on MnOx filter bed are beneficial, common, and effectively used. The presence of MnOx is the mutual feature of filter media, both MnOx-coated mineral materials like quartz sand and gravel, chalcedonite, diatomite, glauconite, zeolite, or anthracite along with consisting of MnOx manganese ores. This review is based on the analysis of research and review papers, commercial data sheets, and standards. The paper aimed to provide new suggestions and useful information for further investigation of MnOx filter media for groundwater treatment. The presented compilations are based on the characteristics of coatings, methods, and conditions of its obtaining and type of filter media. The relationship between the properties of MnOx amendments and the obtained purification effects as well as the commonly used commercial products, their features, and applications have been discussed. The paper concludes by mentioning about improving catalytic/adsorption properties of non-reactive siliceous media opposed to ion-exchange minerals and about possible significance of birnessite type manganese oxide for water treatment. Research needs related to the assessment of the use MnOx filter media to heavy metals removal from groundwater in field operations and to standardize methodology of testing MnOx filter media for water treatment were identified