Men's Words in Women's Mouths: Why Misogynous Stereotypes are Humorous in the Old French Fabliaux

While many scholars have examined the subject of misogyny in Old French fabliaux in a number of contexts, no consensus has yet been reached on how the fabliaux can be considered humorous in the light of the stereotypes found therein. By conducting a close contextualised study of three fabliaux, this paper asserts that the humour of the fabliaux is created out of misogynous stereotypes by investing female characters with the ability to appropriate and subvert masculinist rhetoric and discourse styles. This subversive portrayal of women enjoys a circular relationship with humour; the creation of a clearly defined 'joke-world' within the fabliaux licenses socially outrageous portrayals of female protagonists, which in turn create humour through their incongruity with the realities faced by medieval women of all social classes

The syntax of orientation shifting: Evidence from English high adverbs

This paper reviews new data supporting the inclusion of a Speech Act Phrase in the left periphery. Illocutionary and evidential adverbs in English shift orientation from speakers in declarative sentences to addressees in yes-no interrogative sentences. This orientation shift falls out of independently motivated principles: the adverbs contain a logophorically-sensitive PRO subject which is controlled by a syntactic representation of the discourse participants contained in a Speech Act Phrase high in the CP layer. It will be suggested that clause type modulates which discourse participants are available; only speakers are available in declaratives whereas addressees are also available in interrogatives

The Calusa and Seminole Indians : before, during, and after colonialism

Includes bibliographical references.The goal of this paper is to compare and contrast two Floridian Native American tribeb, the Calusa and the Seminole. The paper will deal with issues such as social life, econ]omy, political life and religion. These topics will be addressed in terms of historical periods: before, during, and after colonialism. Colonialism made huge impacts on these tribes, therefore it is important to look at the changes that occurred during this period, Along with this, one major conclusion will deal with how and why the Calusa disappeared, while the Seminole remain in Florida today. It is clear that the Seminole’s ability to adapt to invasion and the Calusa’s refusal to do so was a major contributor in this outcome.B.A. (Bachelor of Arts

Object individuation in infancy: the value of color and luminance

The ability to individuate objects is one of our most fundamental cognitive capacities. Recent research has revealed that, when objects vary in color or luminance alone, infants fail to individuate until 11.5 months. However, color and luminance frequently co-vary in the natural environment, and color and luminance interact in pattern detection, motion detection, and stereopsis. For this reason, we propose that infants may be more likely to individuate when objects vary in both color and luminance. Using the narrow-screen task of Wilcox and Baillargeon, Experiments 1 and 2 assessed 7.5-month-old infants’ ability to individuate uniformly colored objects that either varied in both color and luminance or varied in luminance alone. The results indicated that infants used these features to individuate only when the objects varied in both color and luminance. Thus, when color and luminance co-varied, infants used these features to individuate objects a full 4 months earlier than infants use either feature alone. Experiment 3 further explored the link between color and luminance by assessing 7.5-month-old infants’ ability to use pattern differences to individuate objects. Although infants use pattern differences created from a combination of luminance and color contrast by 7.5 months, results from Experiment 3 indicated that when pattern was created from either color contrast or luminance contrast alone, infants fail to individuate based on pattern. The results of Experiment 3 suggest that it is not the number of feature dimensions that is important, but the unique contribution of both color and luminance that is particularly salient to infants. These studies add to a growing body of literature investigating the interaction of color and luminance in object processing in infants, and have implications for developmental changes in the nature and content of infants’ object representations

What's a question to start with? Auxiliaries in input to English early talkers.

Non peer reviewedPreprin

A Framework of Executive Coaching Outcomes and a Meta-Analysis of Executive Coaching Effectiveness

Objectives: To provide a framework in which outcomes of coaching can be classified and to present a meta-analysis that synthesizes the existing research on executive coaching effectiveness in order to understand the impact of coaching on work-based outcomes. Design: Meta-analysis Methods: A review of the literature related to the distinction between effectiveness and evaluation; definitions of coaching effectiveness; and of training outcomes were conducted to create the framework of coaching outcomes. As a result of this review, a framework was suggested that classified coaching outcomes as either affective; behavioural/skill-based or results/performance. A further extensive literature search then identified 24 studies that matched our inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. These studies were coded on a variety of variables including the type of outcome (as proposed by our framework) and predictor variables including multi-source feedback; type of coach; coaching format and coaching technique. Hunter & Schmidt’s (1990, 2004) meta-analytic procedure was followed. Results: Our findings indicate that executive coaching has a moderate to strong positive effect on outcomes, with the largest effect size for results/performance outcomes. Conclusions: The overall effectiveness of executive coaching varies depending on the type of outcome considered, however the effect sizes obtained for overall effectiveness (ranging from 0.33 to 0.57) can be classified as a medium to strong effect (Cohen, 1992). We believe that this result has positive implications for the effectiveness of coaching and the likely return on investment for organizations utilising coaching as a development method. This effect size appears to be comparable to those obtained for other types of organisational interventions