The Relationship Among Counselor Demographic, Training, and Employment Variables and Self-Reported Multicultural and Gerontological Counseling Competence

As the Baby Boom population ages, the geriatric population will grow to be the largest cohort in history. Elders are considered to be members of a diverse population and, therefore, topics related to older adulthood should be addressed within multicultural training. The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship among counselor demographic variables, training variables, employment variables, attitudes toward the geriatric population, and self-reported multicultural counseling competence. Participants consisted of graduate students in both CACREP and non-CACREP accredited counseling programs, master\u27s and doctoral level practitioners, and counselor educators. No statistically significant relationship was found between demographic, training, or employment variables and participants\u27 self-reported multicultural counseling competence. No statistically significant relationship was found between training or employment variables and participants\u27 attitudes regarding the geriatric population. A statistically significant relationship was found between the demographic variable of race/ethnicity and participants\u27 attitudes regarding the geriatric population. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between participants\u27 attitudes regarding the geriatric population and their self-reported multicultural counseling competence. Implications for future research and considerations counselors, counselor trainees, and counselor educators are discussed

Essential Features of Cultural Proficiency in American International Schools in Latin America: A Delphi Study

American international schools in Latin America can play a vital role in preparing future leaders to effectively interact with people of diverse cultures. These schools provide ideal settings for exploring how policies, programs, and practices that reflect diverse perspectives and encourage intercultural learning might enhance global leadership development. Multidisciplinary reviews of the literature reveal a dearth of studies examining culture and leadership development in American international schools in Latin America. The model of cultural proficiency provides a comprehensive framework for exploring how these schools might proactively and effectively respond to diversity in a cross-cultural environment and develop globally competent leaders. This exploratory study aimed to uncover how formal school leaders, working in American international schools throughout Latin America, would characterize cultural proficiency in these schools and what barriers they might encounter. The Delphi method was used to systematically collect the opinions of a geographically disbursed panel of 35 experts representing 25 schools in 14 different countries. Participants completed three rounds of open-ended, on-line questionnaires to determine group consensus on essential features of cultural proficiency; the influence of school leaders; challenges and barriers; and potential success indicators for measuring and monitoring school-wide cultural proficiency and global leadership development. Key findings supported the theoretical framework and suggested a need for American international schools in the Latin American region to consciously assess cultural proficiency and develop school-wide strategies that consider: shared vision building, global curriculum, cultural awareness training, community service, leader influence and development. Resistance to change and elitist and ethnocentric values of students, parent, and teacher groups were cited as primary barriers to cultural proficiency development. Specific strategies for confronting these barriers were also identified. Recommendations include the need for school leaders and supporting credentialing and international education associations to recognize the tremendous impact of culture in these schools and develop comprehensive strategies for cultural proficiency development and assessment. Graduate education programs should enhance development of culturally proficient, global-minded school leaders and teachers to work in international schools. Future research is recommended to further explore cultural proficiency and leadership development in specific school contexts, using multiple methods

Cyclic Ovarian Hormone Modulation of Supraspinal Δ\u3csup\u3e9\u3c/sup\u3e-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced Antinociception and Cannabinoid Receptor Binding in the Female Rat

Estrous cycle-related fluctuations in delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-induced antinociception have been observed in the rat. The aim of this study was to determine which major ovarian hormone modulates the antinociceptive effects of i.c.v. THC, and whether hormone modulation of THC\u27s behavioral effects could be due to changes in brain cannabinoid receptors (CBr). Vehicle (oil) or hormones (estradiol or progesterone, or both) were administered to female rats on days 3 and 7 post-ovariectomy. On the morning or afternoon of day 8 or day 9, vehicle or THC (100 μg) was administered i.c.v. Paw pressure, tail withdrawal, locomotor activity and catalepsy tests were conducted over a 3-h period. Estradiol (with and without progesterone) enhanced THC-induced paw pressure antinociception only. Ovarian hormones time-dependently modulated CBr in brain structures that mediate antinociception and locomotor activity, but the changes observed in CBr did not parallel changes in behavior. However, the time course of CBr changes must be further elucidated to determine the functional relationship between receptor changes and antinociceptive sensitivity to THC

Artforher

The work addresses the complexities of being a female artist in a gendered world and commentson the structures of power outside and within the male-dominated canon of art. Fueled bystatistics and studies on the inequalities within the press, galleries, art markets, and educationalinstitutions, appropriated imagery from major newspapers, mass publications and morespecifically Artforum magazine inspires soft-sculpture and intricate machine-embroidered threaddrawings. The tangled, messy webs of thread that hang from these works reflect lamentations onvulnerability and strength - an idea further visited through the inclusion of the medium’shandicraft past and its connection to women’s work. Like feminist artists since the late 1960’s,my embroidery work is meant to challenge the boundaries that divide art from craft, public fromdomestic, and masculine from feminine (Auricchio 27). A feminist agenda is continued in orderto subvert male authority and reveal inequalities, hypocrisies and avenues traditionally restrictedfrom women. Through the conventionally feminine practice of sewing, the work consumes andreplaces the more masculine imagery, devouring it for power

Role of Platelet-Activating Factor and Hypoxia in Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn — Studies with Perinatal Pulmonary Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) plays an important physiological role of maintaining a high vasomotor tone in fetal pulmonary circulation. At birth, endogenous vasodilators such as nitric oxide and prostacyclin are released and facilitate pulmonary vasodilation via cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAMP/PKA) and cGMP-dependent protein kinase (cGMP/PKG) pathways. Interaction between the cyclic nucleotides and PAF receptor (PAFR)-mediated responses in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle is not well understood. To further understand the interactions of PAF-PAFR pathway and the cyclic nucleotides in ovine fetal pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (FPASMC), effects of cAMP and cGMP on PAFR-mediated responses in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) were studied. Ovine FPASMC were incubated with 10μM cAMP or cGMP in normoxia (5% CO2 in air, pO2~100 Torr) or hypoxia (2% O2, 5% CO2, pO2~30-40 Torr). Proteins were prepared and subjected to Western blotting. Effect of cell permeable cAMP and cGMP on PAFR binding was also studied and effect of cAMP on cell proliferation was also studied by RNAi to PKA-Cα. cAMP and cGMP significantly decreased PAFR binding and protein expression in normoxia and hypoxia, more so in hypoxia, when PAFR expression was usually high. PKA-Cα siRNA demonstrated that inhibition of PAFR-mediated responses by the cyclic nucleotides occurred through PKA. These data suggest that the normally high levels of cyclic nucleotides in the normoxic newborn pulmonary circulation assist in the downregulation of postnatal PAFR-mediated responses and that under hypoxic conditions, increasing the levels of cyclic nucleotides will abrogate PAF-mediated vasoconstriction thereby ameliorating PAF-induced persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn

The Figure in Art: Selections from the Gettysburg College Collection

The Figure in Art: Selections from the Gettysburg College Collection is the second annual exhibition curated by students enrolled in the Art History Methods class. This exhibition is an exciting academic endeavor and provides an incredible opportunity for engaged learning, research, and curatorial experience. The eleven student curators are Diane Brennan, Rebecca Duffy, Kristy Garcia, Megan Haugh, Dakota Homsey, Molly Lindberg, Kathya Lopez, Kelly Maguire, Kylie McBride, Carolyn McBrady and Erica Schaumberg. Their research presents a multifaceted view of the representation of figures in various art forms from different periods and cultures.https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/artcatalogs/1017/thumbnail.jp