Fig 2 -

Associations between intestinal (A) and systemic (B) inflammation in the first 2 years of life with linear growth and cognitive outcomes at 6–8 years of age among 451 children in the Brazil, South Africa, and Tanzania MAL-ED cohorts. Mean Z-score difference estimates and 95% confidence intervals were derived from linear regression models adjusting for site, age at the 6–8 year assessment, enrollment weight-for-age z-score (or enrollment length-for-age z-score for height outcomes), sex, socioeconomic status, exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months, maternal height, and the burden of each of the 12 most prevalent pathogens identified in the first 2 years of life (excluding Shigella).</p

Mediation effects to assess whether intestinal inflammation mediated the associations between <i>Shigella</i> prevalence and linear growth and cognitive outcomes at 6–8 years of age among 451 children in the Brazil, South Africa, and Tanzania MAL-ED cohorts.

Mediation effects to assess whether intestinal inflammation mediated the associations between Shigella prevalence and linear growth and cognitive outcomes at 6–8 years of age among 451 children in the Brazil, South Africa, and Tanzania MAL-ED cohorts.</p

Fig 1 -

Associations between Shigella prevalence (A) and quantity (B) in the first 2 years of life with linear growth and cognitive outcomes at 6–8 years of age among 451 children in the Brazil, South Africa, and Tanzania MAL-ED cohorts. Mean Z-score difference estimates and 95% confidence intervals were derived from linear regression models adjusting for site, age at the 6–8 year assessment, enrollment weight-for-age z-score (or enrollment length-for-age z-score for height outcomes), sex, socioeconomic status, exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months, maternal height, and the burden of each of the 12 most prevalent pathogens identified in the first 2 years of life (excluding Shigella).</p

Unadjusted and adjusted associations between <i>Shigella</i> prevalence in the first 2 years of life with linear growth and cognitive outcomes at 6–8 years of age among 451 children in the Brazil, South Africa, and Tanzania MAL-ED cohorts.

(DOCX)</p

Fig 3 -

Associations between Shigella and inflammation in the first 2 years of life with linear growth at 2, 5, and 6–8 years of age among 451 children in the Brazil, South Africa, and Tanzania MAL-ED cohorts. Mean Z-score difference estimates and 95% confidence intervals were derived from linear regression models adjusting for site, enrollment length-for-age z-score, sex, socioeconomic status, exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months, maternal height, and the burden of each of the 12 most prevalent pathogens identified in the first 2 years of life (excluding Shigella).</p

Unadjusted and adjusted associations between <i>Shigella</i> quantity in the first 2 years of life with linear growth and cognitive outcomes at 6–8 years of age among 451 children in the Brazil, South Africa, and Tanzania MAL-ED cohorts.

(DOCX)</p

Sociodemographic characteristics, burden of <i>Shigella</i> and inflammation in the first 2 years of life, and growth through 6–8 years of age among 451 children in the Brazil, South Africa, and Tanzania MAL-ED cohorts.

Sociodemographic characteristics, burden of Shigella and inflammation in the first 2 years of life, and growth through 6–8 years of age among 451 children in the Brazil, South Africa, and Tanzania MAL-ED cohorts.</p

Unadjusted and adjusted associations between intestinal inflammation in the first 2 years of life with linear growth and cognitive outcomes at 6–8 years of age among 451 children in the Brazil, South Africa, and Tanzania MAL-ED cohorts.

(DOCX)</p

Comparison of characteristics between the 451 children assessed at 6–8 years of age and the 611 children in Brazil, South Africa, and Tanzania who completed the original MAL-ED study with follow-up to 2 years of age.

(DOCX)</p

Unadjusted and adjusted associations between systemic inflammation in the first 2 years of life with linear growth and cognitive outcomes at 6–8 years of age among 451 children in the Brazil, South Africa, and Tanzania MAL-ED cohorts.

(DOCX)</p