Table_3_Associations of maternal inflammatory states with human milk composition in mothers of preterm infants.docx

IntroductionOverweight/obesity (ow/ob) is increasing in prevalence in pregnant women, and it is associated with other pro-inflammatory states, such as pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, and preterm labor. Data are lacking if mothers experiencing inflammatory states who deliver preterm have mother’s own milk (MOM) with differing inflammatory markers or pro-inflammatory fatty acid (FA) profiles.MethodsThe aim was to explore associations of maternal pre- and perinatal inflammatory states with levels of inflammatory markers and/or FAs in longitudinal samples of MOM from mothers of preterm infants born ResultsA total of 92 infants were included who were delivered to mothers (42% ow/ob) at a median gestational age of 27.7 weeks and birth weight of 850 g. MOM CRP was 116% higher (relative change 2.16) in mothers with ow/ob at baseline than others (p = 0.01), and lower (relative change 0.46, 0.33, respectively) in mothers in the two “healthy groups” at baseline (both p DiscussionIn conclusion, MOM CRP levels are positively associated with inflammatory states, such as ow/ob. Reassuringly, there was no association between FA profiles or most other inflammatory markers and maternal inflammatory states. Further studies are needed to determine potential associations or ramifications of MOM CRP in vulnerable preterm infants.</p

Table_2_Associations of maternal inflammatory states with human milk composition in mothers of preterm infants.docx

IntroductionOverweight/obesity (ow/ob) is increasing in prevalence in pregnant women, and it is associated with other pro-inflammatory states, such as pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, and preterm labor. Data are lacking if mothers experiencing inflammatory states who deliver preterm have mother’s own milk (MOM) with differing inflammatory markers or pro-inflammatory fatty acid (FA) profiles.MethodsThe aim was to explore associations of maternal pre- and perinatal inflammatory states with levels of inflammatory markers and/or FAs in longitudinal samples of MOM from mothers of preterm infants born ResultsA total of 92 infants were included who were delivered to mothers (42% ow/ob) at a median gestational age of 27.7 weeks and birth weight of 850 g. MOM CRP was 116% higher (relative change 2.16) in mothers with ow/ob at baseline than others (p = 0.01), and lower (relative change 0.46, 0.33, respectively) in mothers in the two “healthy groups” at baseline (both p DiscussionIn conclusion, MOM CRP levels are positively associated with inflammatory states, such as ow/ob. Reassuringly, there was no association between FA profiles or most other inflammatory markers and maternal inflammatory states. Further studies are needed to determine potential associations or ramifications of MOM CRP in vulnerable preterm infants.</p

Image_1_Associations of maternal inflammatory states with human milk composition in mothers of preterm infants.jpg

IntroductionOverweight/obesity (ow/ob) is increasing in prevalence in pregnant women, and it is associated with other pro-inflammatory states, such as pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, and preterm labor. Data are lacking if mothers experiencing inflammatory states who deliver preterm have mother’s own milk (MOM) with differing inflammatory markers or pro-inflammatory fatty acid (FA) profiles.MethodsThe aim was to explore associations of maternal pre- and perinatal inflammatory states with levels of inflammatory markers and/or FAs in longitudinal samples of MOM from mothers of preterm infants born ResultsA total of 92 infants were included who were delivered to mothers (42% ow/ob) at a median gestational age of 27.7 weeks and birth weight of 850 g. MOM CRP was 116% higher (relative change 2.16) in mothers with ow/ob at baseline than others (p = 0.01), and lower (relative change 0.46, 0.33, respectively) in mothers in the two “healthy groups” at baseline (both p DiscussionIn conclusion, MOM CRP levels are positively associated with inflammatory states, such as ow/ob. Reassuringly, there was no association between FA profiles or most other inflammatory markers and maternal inflammatory states. Further studies are needed to determine potential associations or ramifications of MOM CRP in vulnerable preterm infants.</p

Table_1_Associations of maternal inflammatory states with human milk composition in mothers of preterm infants.docx

IntroductionOverweight/obesity (ow/ob) is increasing in prevalence in pregnant women, and it is associated with other pro-inflammatory states, such as pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, and preterm labor. Data are lacking if mothers experiencing inflammatory states who deliver preterm have mother’s own milk (MOM) with differing inflammatory markers or pro-inflammatory fatty acid (FA) profiles.MethodsThe aim was to explore associations of maternal pre- and perinatal inflammatory states with levels of inflammatory markers and/or FAs in longitudinal samples of MOM from mothers of preterm infants born ResultsA total of 92 infants were included who were delivered to mothers (42% ow/ob) at a median gestational age of 27.7 weeks and birth weight of 850 g. MOM CRP was 116% higher (relative change 2.16) in mothers with ow/ob at baseline than others (p = 0.01), and lower (relative change 0.46, 0.33, respectively) in mothers in the two “healthy groups” at baseline (both p DiscussionIn conclusion, MOM CRP levels are positively associated with inflammatory states, such as ow/ob. Reassuringly, there was no association between FA profiles or most other inflammatory markers and maternal inflammatory states. Further studies are needed to determine potential associations or ramifications of MOM CRP in vulnerable preterm infants.</p

Inter-rater agreement and reliability of the assessment of lithium response in the two-stage case-vignette rating procedure: kappa and intra-class correlation analysis.

<p>TS: total score.</p><p>ICC: intra-class correlation.</p><p>CI: confidence interval.</p>*<p>Mixed and random effects models.</p>§<p>70 raters.</p>¶<p>48 raters.</p

Number of raters from the Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen) centres participating in the two-stage case-vignette rating procedure for inter-rater reliability and agreement.

<p>ConLiGen: Consortium on Lithium Genetics.</p>*<p>Hokkaido, Osaka, Tokio, Riken Brain Science Institute.</p

Empirical and theoretical distributions of the total score in the Consortium on Lithium Genetics sample.

<p>Frequentist, <b>A</b>, and Bayesian minimum message length, <b>B</b>, mixture modeling identify three subpopulations of non responders (grey), partial responders (red), and full responders (blue) in total scores of 1,308 bipolar disorder patients characterized for response to lithium maintenance treatment.</p

Distribution of total and A scores in the Consortium on Lithium Genetics sample.

<p>Histogram plot of the scale scores in 1,308 bipolar disorder patients characterized for response to lithium maintenance treatment.</p