a-f. PSP significantly increase NP-specific IgG responses compared to the vehicle control.

<p>Expression of the total high affinity and low affinity NP-specific IgG titers were measured from two-fold serially diluted serum samples (from 1/40-1/80 for day 4 to 1/8000-1/10000 for day 10 onwards) using NP₂-per BSA (NP₂) and NP₁₈-per BSA (NP₁₈) respectively by ELISA. The low affinity NP-specific IgG antibody responses to ACACIA were significant at day 4 but at no other time point (day 7, 10, 14 or 21) compared to PSP. The ratio between the expression of total high affinity and low affinity NP-specific IgG responses was significant for ACACIA at day 4 compared to PSP. NP₂ baseline very low (data not shown). Data are shown as the median from two independent experiments with 5–6 mice per group. *P < 0.05.</p

Schedule for acclimatization, immunization, PSP treatment and sacrifice of mice.

<p>5 week old mice were allowed to acclimatize for one week, immunized with NP₂₅-CGG at 6 weeks, groups of mice were then gavaged daily with PSP, ACACIA or MQ for up to 21 days and sacrificed at various time points (days 0, 4, 7, 10, 14 and 21).</p

Schematic diagram of the events that give rise to cognate interactions between T-cell and B-cells.

<p>Schematic diagram of the events that give rise to cognate interactions between T-cell and B-cells.</p

a-f. PSP significantly decreased NP-specific IgM responses at days 4 and 21 compared to ACACIA.

<p>C57BL/6 mice were immunised with NP₂₅CGG and serum was collected on days 0, 4, 7, 10, 14 and 21. NP-specific IgM titers were measured from two-fold serially diluted (1/40-1/80) serum samples by ELISA. ACACIA significantly increased NP–specific IgM responses at day 21 compared to NP-CGG alone. Data are shown as the median from two independent experiments with 5–6 mice per group. *P < 0.05.</p

a-d. Absence of any significant NP- specific IgA responses to PSP or ACACIA.

<p>After NP-CGG immunization no changes in IgA antibody responses were observed at any time point (day 0, 10, 14 or 21) to PSP or ACACIA. NP- specific IgA titers were measured from two-fold serially diluted (1/50-1/100) serum samples by ELISA. Data are shown as the median from two independent experiments with 5–6 mice per group.</p