Histological distribution of orange G-specific cytoplasmic globules in Ipomoea purpurea

Orange G-specific, spherical bodies, varying widely in size with some being relatively large, i.e., larger than the nuclei, and descending to the limit of resolution of the light microscope, were found in paraffin sections of shoot apices of Ipomoea purpurea Roth (Linn.) \u27Heavenly Blue\u27 when stained with safranin O followed by aniline blue-orange G. These globules only appeared when fixed in a noncoagulant, pH neutral fixative such as 5 percent glutaraldehyde in either a calcium acetate or a phosphate buffer. Visualization of the globules was improved in tissue treated with osmium tetroxide following primary fixation in gluteraldehyde and embedded in epoxy plastic. The globules appeared dense black when the osmium-treated tissue sections were stained with toluidine blue. In paraffin sections the globules were found only in dense files of cells of unknown function located in well-differentiated mesophyll and cortex tissues. In plastic they were located in the exterior layer of the pith just interior to the vascular cylinder as well as in the dense files of cells as in paraffin sections. Single giant cells throughout the mesophyll of differentiating leaves, not associated with the orange G colored globules, were also found. The cellular location of the globules was in the vacuoles. Although the globules reacted strongly with acidic buffered orange G and with osmium tetroxide, they gave negative results to various histochemical tests for protein, lipids, nucleic acids, insoluble carbohydrates and tannin

Edition of Snchitsu\u27umshtsn : volume I : a root dictionary

Organizes Nicodemus\u27 dictionary of the Skitswish language into roots and adds a morpheme analysis to each root

Anticipating new media: A faceted classification of material types

The emergence of new media types, many seemingly without counterparts in the non-digital world, challenges the readiness of existing knowledge organization schemes to accommodate them. A knowledge organization scheme based on a faceted analysis of existing classes of bibliographic materials is likely to accommodate new developments better than one based on a list of unanalyzed material types. The faceted analysis undertaken here, in which seven facets are recognized (content, generation of content, recording of content, publication/distribution, physical characteristics, perception/use, and relationships) shows the inadequacy of the traditional view of the bibliographic community of a fundamental distinction between content and carrier; interaction between content and carrier is common and enters into the characterization of material types. The facet analysis is validated by applying it to two new material types, wikis and blogs

When Patient Activation Levels Change, Health Outcomes and Costs Change, Too

Patient engagement has become a major focus of health reform. However, there is limited evidence showing that increases in patient engagement are associated with improved health outcomes or lower costs. This report examined the extent to which a single assessment of engagement, the Patient Activation Measure, was associated with health outcomes and costs over time, and whether changes in assessed activation were related to expected changes in outcomes and costs. The report uses data on adult primary care patients from a single large health care system where the Patient Activation Measure is routinely used. Results indicating higher activation in 2010 were associated with nine out of thirteen better health outcomes -- including better clinical indicators, more healthy behaviors, and greater use of women's preventive screening tests -- as well as with lower costs two years later. Changes in activation level were associated with changes in over half of the health outcomes examined, as well as costs, in the expected directions. These findings suggest that efforts to increase patient activation may help achieve key goals of health reform and that further research is warranted to examine whether the observed associations are causal

Latent Class Modeling of Syndemic Burden and HIV-Related Sexual Risk Behaviors among Urban MSM

In the context of decreasing or plateauing HIV incidence among multiple risk groups in United States, new HIV infections among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) continue to rise. Syndemic theory has become a well-established framework for the explanation of how individual experiences and social conditions influence both an individual’s disease experience and the distribution of disease across populations. This framework is currently defined as “a set of enmeshed and mutually enhancing health problems that, working together in a context of deleterious social and physical conditions that increase vulnerability, [and] significantly affect the overall disease status of a population.”1 An important and robust body of literature has been amassed investigating syndemic burden and its association with HIV status, HIV incidence, HIV-related sexual risk behaviors, and more recently, antiretroviral (ART) medication adherence and viral suppression among HIV-positive MSM. Many of the studies that comprise this literature have several things in common. They are mostly focused on enmeshed individual-level risk factors; that is, this literature largely focuses on co-occurrence of these health problems and the increased vulnerability to HIV that may develop as a result. Even more importantly, most of these studies focused on a small subset of these risk factors: childhood sexual abuse, depression, intimate partner violence, polydrug use. These studies also largely ignore the synergy (defined as biological interaction on the additive scale or deviations from additivity) implied in the mutually enhancing language of this framework. Finally, this literature is also unable to account for the “deleterious social and physical conditions” that give context to the individual-level burden. Taken together, the body of studies present an important but not fully realized use of this framework. This dissertation seeks to investigate all three major facets of the syndemic framework: the individual-level co-occurring syndemic factors, the implied synergy, and the social and physical conditions that surround and influence the individual. It will do so in three steps, broadly defined by a systematic literature review followed by two analytic papers. The literature review will serve as a guide to the syndemics literature among MSM, and will identify the constellation of experiences that have been identified as syndemic factors. The identified experiences will be used to guide the first analytic paper, which will incorporate those experiences into syndemic burden, which will then be modeled using latent class modeling (LCA) to investigate if there are any patterns of syndemic burden that may be important to intervention development. This first analytic paper will also explicitly investigate synergy by calculating the attributable proportion due to interaction (AP). Finally, the second analytic paper will incorporate the “deleterious social and physical conditions” using multilevel latent class modeling (MLCA)

An Investigation of Sexual-Orientation Attitudes and Behaviors of College Athletes

Several studies have been conducted to examine campus climate, but seldom has sexual orientation been addressed. This study is extremely relevant in today's sport culture. Individuals of various sexual orientations exist, in every realm of society, including college athletics. However, the reality is that discrimination and prejudices are pervasive in the college sport environment. Even though the NCAA and most universities have non-discrimination policies in place, discriminatory behaviors still occur and homophobic attitudes exist. This study examined attitudes and behaviors toward sexual orientation from a sample of Division I athletes (N=253) from three universities in the Atlantic Coast Conference. Quantitative data was used to investigate whether there was a relationship between various independent variables (gender, race/ethnicity and religious affiliation) and athletes' expressed behaviors and attitudes related to sexual orientation. Results of this study both complement existing research, while also enhancing the field by exploring more independent variables. This research shows that athletic administrators and athletic departments must examine the practice of their policies and determine its effectiveness. After acknowledging their reality, administrators must become proactive and advocate acceptance through education in order to provide and accepting, all-inclusive atmosphere

The Use of Nature to Address Psychosocial Wellbeing in Children Affected by Conflict

Within academic fields little previous emphasis has been placed on the use of nature as a tool for peace-building and reconstruction. The psychosocial state of individuals in conflict scenarios is of paramount importance. Environmental psychology is highly relevant to the peace-building and reconstruction field. Ecotherapy - essentially access to and interaction with nature with the aim of improving psychosocial wellbeing - is well recognised and implemented in Western countries in various spheres but receives scant attention, if not exclusion, in post-crisis reconstruction of traumatised emerging societies. This is particularly pertinent in relation to children, who are responsive to, and benefit greatly from, nature's healing balm. This thesis addresses the current and potential application of nature-based therapy within psychosocial programming for children affected by conflict. It provides a general overview of the situational context of children in conflict scenarios, with specific focus on psychosocial interventions. Critical analysis of current interventions, as well as the use of ecotherapy within Western contexts, provides a correlative examination of nature-based interventions in conflict scenarios

The Shape of an Accretion Disc in a Misaligned Black Hole Binary

We model the overall shape of an accretion disc in a semi-detached binary system in which mass is transfered on to a spinning black hole the spin axis of which is misaligned with the orbital rotation axis. We assume the disc is in a steady state. Its outer regions are subject to differential precession caused by tidal torques of the companion star. These tend to align the outer parts of the disc with the orbital plane. Its inner regions are subject to differential precession caused by the Lense-Thirring effect. These tend to align the inner parts of the disc with the spin of the black hole. We give full numerical solutions for the shape of the disc for some particular disc parameters. We then show how an analytic approximation to these solutions can be obtained for the case when the disc surface density varies as a power law with radius. These analytic solutions for the shape of the disc are reasonably accurate even for large misalignments and can be simply applied for general disc parameters. They are particularly useful when the numerical solutions would be slow.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA

Feasibility and acceptability of a televideo physical activity and nutrition program for recent kidney transplant recipients

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.Background Post-transplant weight gain affects 50–90% of kidney transplant recipients adversely affecting survival, quality of life, and risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Diet modification and physical activity may help prevent post-transplant weight gain. Methods for effective implementation of these lifestyle modifications are needed. The objective of this study is to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a remotely delivered nutrition and physical activity intervention among kidney transplant recipients. Secondary aims were to estimate the effectiveness of the intervention in producing changes in physical activity, qualify of life, fruit and vegetable intake, and consumption of whole grains and water from baseline to 6 months. Methods A randomized controlled study for stable kidney transplant recipients between 6 and 12 months post-transplantation was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to a technology-based, lifestyle modification program (intervention) or to enhanced usual care (control). Results The first 10 kidney transplant recipients screened were eligible and randomized into the intervention and control groups with no significant between-group differences at baseline. Health coaching attendance (78%) and adherence to reporting healthy behaviors (86%) were high. All participants returned for final assessments. The weight in controls remained stable, while the intervention arm showed weight gain at 3 and 6 months. Improvements were found for physical activity, quality of life, and fruit and vegetable intake in both groups. All participants would recommend the program to other transplant recipients. Conclusions Our data suggest that a remotely delivered televideo nutrition and physical activity intervention is feasible and valued by patients. These findings will aid in the development of a larger, more prescriptive, randomized trial to address weight gain prevention