Convenience or Necessity? The Formation of the Working Class in the Universidades Laborales of Franco’s Spain (1955-1978)

La política educativa franquista tuvo como uno de sus principales objetivos la formación de la clase obrera, por lo que una de las principales instituciones educativas creadas en la época fueron las Universidades Laborales. Este artículo se centra en analizar las finalidades que perseguían estas macroinstituciones al formar los futuros obreros españoles, empleando para su estudio diversas fuentes primarias —documentales, archivísticas, gráficas y jurídicas—. Las conclusiones señalan que los objetivos de las Universidades Laborales fueron, por un lado, la formación profesional especializada y, por el otro lado, su adoctrinamiento en los principios ideológicos propugnados por el régimen.One of the main objectives of Franco’s educational policy was the training of the working class, which is why one of the principal educational institutions created during that period were the Universidades Laborales. This article is focused on analyzing the ends sought by these macroinstitutions in preparing the future workers of Spain, and it makes use of a variety of primary sources —documentary, archival, graphic and juridical— in order to study the subject. The conclusions indicate that the objectives of the Universidades Laborales were, on the one hand, specialized professional training and, on the other hand, their indoctrination in the ideological principles advocated by the regime

Medicina, ciencia e interpretación de las convenciones internacionales de drogas: ¿Será que el emperador está desnudo?

The conventions of the UN international drug control system limit the uses of controlled substances to medical and scientific purposes, but do not define the meaning of this expression means. This situation generates a legal gap or lacunae that makes it impossible to determine whether a policy complies with the international conventions. These conventions were written without considering the modern criteria for the interpretation of treaties and the etiologies of production, trafficking and consumption of psychoactive drugs. The article explores the consequences of this failure and suggests ways of debating international drug policies, showing the possibility of flexible interpretations without modifying the conventions of the international drug control system