Steady-state concentrations of cytokines, macrophages and T cells in a healthy individual.

<p>Steady-state concentrations of cytokines, macrophages and T cells in a healthy individual.</p

Fold changes of the cytokine and T cell concentrations obtained from the clinical data and the simulations in different types of diseases.

<p>Fold changes of the cytokine and T cell concentrations obtained from the clinical data and the simulations in different types of diseases.</p

Baseline characteristics for patients with IBD-Crohn’s Disease.

<p>Baseline characteristics for patients with IBD-Crohn’s Disease.</p

List of the variables included in the model.

<p>List of the variables included in the model.</p

Parameters used in the equations of T cells and a list of half-saturation constants.

<p>Parameters used in the equations of T cells and a list of half-saturation constants.</p

Simulation results: Parameter variations in different types of diseases.

<p>Simulation results: Parameter variations in different types of diseases.</p

Parameters used in the equations of macrophages and cytokines.

<p>Parameters used in the equations of macrophages and cytokines.</p

PRCC values of some parameters for the outputs <i>T</i>₁ and <i>T</i>₂.

<p>PRCC values of some parameters for the outputs <i>T</i>₁ and <i>T</i>₂.</p

Simulation results: fold changes of the cytokine and T cell concentrations when TNF-α is completely blocked in different types of diseases.

<p>Blue bars represent the results of pre-treatment; red bars represent the results of post-treatment with TNF-α blockage.</p

Schematic diagram of immune system with application to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

<p>Schematic diagram of immune system with application to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).</p