Аctivity of stomach secretory glands and the nitrergic mechanisms of their regulatiоn under the condition of the adrenalin ulcer simulation

Досліджено участь нітрергічної ланки у регуляції секреторної активності шлунка щурів у інтактному стані та за умов моделювання виразкових ушкоджень гастродуоденальної зони. Встановлено, що в інтактному стані NO здійснює гальмівний вплив на кислу шлункову секрецію. На ранніх етапах розвитку ерозивно-виразкових ушкоджень нітрергічні механізми регуляції виконують захисну адаптаційно-компенсаторну функцію слизової оболонки шлунка, а у віддаленіші строки ці механіз­ми втрачають таку властивість.Исследовано участие нитрергичнои звена в регуляции секреторной активности желудка крыс в интактном состоянии и в условиях моделирования язвенных повреждений гастродуоденальной зоны. Установлено, что в интактном состоянии NO осуществляет тормозящее влияние на кислую желудочную секрецию. На ранних этапах развития эрозивно-язвенных повреждений нитрергични механизмы регуляции выполняют защитную адаптационно-компенсаторную функцию слизистой оболочки желудка, а в отдаленные сроки эти механиз¬мы теряют такое свойство.Participating of nitrergic link in the regulation of secretory activity in the stomach was investigated in the intact rats under the condition of ulcerous damage in the gastro-duodenal area. It was found that in the intact rats NO decreases the acid gastric secretion. On the early stages of the ulcer development the nitrergic mechanisms of regulation execute the protective adaptation-compensative function of the mucous coat of stomach, but in remote terms these mechanisms lose such ability

Species identification of spider mites (Tetranychidae: Tetranychinae): a review of methods

Spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) are dangerous pests of agricultural and ornamental crops, the most economically significant of them belonging to the genera Tetranychus, Eutetranychus, Oligonychus and Panonychus. The expansion of the distribution areas, the increased harmfulness and dangerous status of certain species in the family Tetranychidae and their invasion of new regions pose a serious threat to the phytosanitary status of agroand biocenoses. Various approaches to acarofauna species diagnosis determine a rather diverse range of currently existing methods generally described in this review. Identification of spider mites by morphological traits, which is currently considered the main method, is complicated due to the complexity of preparing biomaterials for diagnosis and a limited number of diagnostic signs. In this regard, biochemical and molecular genetic methods such as allozyme analysis, DNA barcoding, restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), selection of species-specific primers and real-time PCR are becoming important. In the review, close attention is paid to the successful use of these methods for species discrimination in the mites of the subfamily Tetranychinae. For some species, e. g., the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae), a range of identification methods has been developed – from allozyme analysis to loop isothermal amplification (LAMP), while for many other species a much smaller variety of approaches is available. The greatest accuracy in the identification of spider mites can be achieved using a combination of several methods, e. g., examination of morphological features and one of the molecular approaches (DNA barcoding, PCR-RFLP, etc.). This review may be useful to specialists who are in search of an effective system for spider mite species identification as well as when developing new test systems relevant to specific plant crops or a specific region

Studying of the anti-ischemic action of <I>Rhaponticum uniflorum</I> and <I>Serratula centauroides</I> dry extracts on a model of bilateral occlusion of the carotid arteries

The aim of the study to evaluate the anti-ischemic effect of Serratula centauroides and Rhaponticum uniflorum dry extracts for bilateral carotid artery occlusion.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out on 77 Wistar rats. Rh. uniflorum and S. centauroides dry extracts at doses 50, 100, 200 mg/kg were administered intragastrically for 14 days prior to bilateral occlusion of the carotid arteries. To assess the anti-ischemic effect of the investigated agents, the total mortality, the dynamics of survival, the survival time, the animals’ neurological status were determined using a modified McGraw scale and the brain hydration degree.Results. S. centauroides at a dose 200 mg/kg reduced the percentage of animals’ death by 2.8 times (p ≤ 0.05) compared with the control. Life expectancy in animals treated with S. centauroides at doses 100 and 200 mg/kg and Rh. uniflorum at dose 100  mg/kg increased by 46, 52 and 64  %, respectively, compared to the control. The neurological deficit lowest severity was observed in animals treated with S. centauroides at dose 200 mg/kg. The most pronounced statistically significant decrease in the brain hydration level was observed in animals treated with Rh.  uniflorum at doses 100 and 200 mg/kg and S. centauroides at dose 100 mg/kg.Conclusion. S. centauroides and Rh. uniflorum dry extracts have an anti-ischemic effect in cerebral ischemia

Specific features of memory consolidation and reconsolidation in older individuals with vision and hearing impairments

This study aimed to specify this issue by analyzing memory consolidation and reconsolidation processes in older people with sensory deficit

Correction of morphofunctional changes in mice thymus and spleen by Rhaponticum uniflorum (L.) DC. extract at cyclophosphamide immunosupression

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of R. uniflorum dry extract on morphofunctional state of mice thymus and spleen at cyclophosphamide immunosuppression.Materials and methods. The experiments were carried out on F1 (CBAxC57Bl/6) mice 18–20 g of weight. Immune deficiency was simulated by a single intraperitoneal introduction of cyclophosphamide in the dose 250 mg/kg. R. uniflorum dry extract in the dose 100 mg/kg was administered per os for 14 days. The thymus and spleen were fixed for histological studies on day 16. The thymus total area, the cortex and medulla area, the connective tissue capsule thickness, the spleen white and red pulp area were used to measure on micropreparations stained with hematoxylineosin and azure-eosin. The cell density and the cellular composition were calculated in the thymus cortical substance.Results. The R. uniflorum extract increased the thymus total area and the corticomedullary index by 37 and 26 % (p ≤ 0.05), respectively. The cells density increased in the cortical substance, it decreased in the medulla, as a result “layer inversion” is not observed in any animal of the experimental group. The number of proliferating lymphocytes, blasts and large lymphocytes increased; the number of destructive cells and macrophages decreased in the cortical substance. The spleen white pulp relative volume was 39 % higher than in the control.Conclusions. The R. uniflorum dry extract had an immunocorrective effect on the thymus and spleen morphofunctional state at cyclophosphamid immunosuppression

PHARMACOTHERAPY OF EXPERIMENTAL HEPATITIS BY LOMATOGONIUM CARINTHIACUM EXTRACT

Pharmacotherapeutic efficiency of the dry extract from Lomatogonium carinthiacum in toxic hepatitis was studied. Experimental hepatitis was caused by the introduction of tetracycline hydrochloride to Wistar white rats in the dose of 1.0 g/kg of the animal weight once a day for 7 days. The extract from L. carinthiacum was administered per os in the dose of 100 mg/kg for 26 days. 1t has been established that the extract from L. carinthiacum has a marked hepatoprotective effect in the case of tetracycline hepatitis in white rats that is characterized by inhibition of the disturbances in choleretic and cholate-synthetic functions of the liver: the increase of bile secretion rate, preservation of cholate concentration in the bile, the decrease in the content of cholesterol triacylglycerides and alkaline phosphatase activity in the animal blood serum during the whole period of experiments. The tested remedy diminishes dystrophic and necrotic processes in hepatocytes, decreases the intensity of inflammatory infiltration in the liver and stimulates regeneration of liver cells in tetracycline hepatitis. The decrease of MDA content in the liver homogenate and increase in catalase activity against the same indices in control animals testify the marked antioxidant effect of L. carinthiacum

Pharmacothera-peutic activity Lomatogonium Carinthiacum extract at experimental hepatitis

Pharmacotherapeutic efficiency of the dry extract from Lomatogonium carinthiacum in toxic hepatitis was studied. Experimental hepatitis was caused by the introduction of tetracycline hydrochloride to Wistar white rats in the dose of 1,0 g/kg of the animal weight once a day during 7 days. The extract from L. carinthiacum was administered per os in the dose of 100 mg/kg during 26 days. It was established that the extract from L. carinthiacum had a marked hepatoprotective effect in the case of tetracycline hepatitis in white rats that is characterized by inhibition of the disturbances in choleretic and cholate-synthetic functions of the liver: the increase of bile secretion rate, preservation of cholate concentration in the bile, the decrease in the content of cholesterol triacylglycerides and alkaline phosphatase activity in the animal blood serum during the whole period of experiments. The tested remedy diminishes dystrophic and necrotic processes in hepatocytes, decreases the intensity of inflammatory infiltration in the liver and stimulates regeneration of liver cells in tetracycline hepatitis. The decrease of MDA content in the liver homogenate and increase in catalase activity against the same indices in control animals testify the marked antioxidant effect of L. carinthiacum

Energy-protective function of plant composition in the experimental dyslipoproteidemia

The influence of the plant composition on the functional state of rat hepatic mitochondria and biochemical indices of energy metabolism was studied. Experiments were carried out on 42 white Wistar rats. The application of the plant composition increases contingency between oxidation and phosphorylation, as well as coefficients of respiratory stimulation and respiratory control by 17 % (р < 0.05) and 15 % (р < 0.05) respectively as compared to the control group. The tested herbal medicine increases the ATP content by 29 % (р < 0.05) and improves the activity of pyruvate kinase and H+-ATPase by 1.9 and 1.2 times respectively which indicates a partial restoration of energy metabolism in hepatocytes. The results of the research allow us to recommend the plant compositionfor its further study as a potential prospective hypolipidemic remedy for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease