Развитие учения об ограниченных вещных правах на недвижимость в римской юриспруденции республиканского, классического и имперского периодов

The article examines the formation and development of studies on limited rights to another's property (rights to things belonging to other people) in ancient Roman law. The authors of the article analyze the Russian and foreign doctrines, as well as the legal heritage of ancient (archaic) law, the Institutiones and Digests, which partially contain works of classical Roman lawyers of the republican period, the principality era and the late Roman Empire surviving to this day. The authors discuss the formation of scientific theories justifying the construction of limited real rights to property. The article emphasizes that limited real rights in Roman law developed together with such complex socio-economic processes as the formation of small and large landed property and urbanization. Theories on limited real rights to property were influenced by civil law and praetorian law that had been forming as separate systems for a long time but then were unified. The scientific novelty of this article consists in the fact that the authors tried highlighting elements of the scientific theory developed by republican and classical lawyers and addressing such an important part of civil law as limited real rights to property. The authors proved the scientific relevance of books on civil law, whose fragments have survived to the present day and whose content can be analyzed in conformity with Justinian's codification. In this regard, they emphasized that Roman lawyers worked on such scientific issues as the content of limited real rights to property, ways of their formation, termination and protection.El artículo examina la formación y el desarrollo de estudios sobre derechos limitados a la propiedad de otra persona (derechos a cosas que pertenecen a otras personas) en la antigua ley romana. Los autores del artículo analizan las doctrinas rusas y extranjeras, así como el patrimonio legal de la ley antigua (arcaica), las Institutiones y Digests, que contienen parcialmente obras de abogados romanos clásicos del período republicano, la era del principado y la era romana tardía. Imperio sobreviviendo hasta nuestros días. Los autores discuten la formación de teorías científicas que justifiquen la construcción de derechos reales limitados a la propiedad. El artículo enfatiza que los derechos reales limitados en la ley romana se desarrollaron junto con procesos socioeconómicos tan complejos como la formación de propiedades y urbanización de tierras grandes y pequeñas. Las teorías sobre los derechos reales limitados a la propiedad fueron influenciadas por la ley civil y la ley pretoriana que se habían estado formando como sistemas separados durante mucho tiempo pero luego se unificaron. La novedad científica de este artículo consiste en el hecho de que los autores intentaron destacar elementos de la teoría científica desarrollada por abogados republicanos y clásicos y abordar una parte tan importante del derecho civil como los derechos reales limitados a la propiedad. Los autores demostraron la relevancia científica de los libros sobre derecho civil, cuyos fragmentos han sobrevivido hasta nuestros días y cuyo contenido puede analizarse de conformidad con la codificación de Justiniano. En este sentido, enfatizaron que los abogados romanos trabajaron en cuestiones científicas como el contenido de los derechos reales limitados a la propiedad, las formas de su formación, terminación y protección.В статье исследован вопрос становления и развития учения о праве ограниченного пользования чужими недвижимыми вещами (праве на чужие вещи) в юриспруденции Древнего Рима. Авторами публикации анализируются отечественная и зарубежная доктрина, юридические памятники древнего (архаического) права, Институции, Дигесты, в которых содержаться сохранившиеся до нашего времени фрагменты сочинений римских юристов республиканского периода, классических римских юристов эпохи принципата и поздней Римской Империи. Авторы рассуждают о формировании научных теорий, обосновывающих конструкции ограниченных вещных прав на недвижимое имущество. В статье подчеркивается, что в античном Риме развитие учения об ограниченных вещных правах проходило параллельно с такими сложными социально-экономическими процессами как образование мелкой и крупной земельной собственности, процессом урбанизации, а так же складывалось под влиянием существовавших долгое время в качестве отдельных систем, (а затем и объединившихся) цивильного и преторского права. Научная новизна представленной публикации заключается в том, что ее авторами предпринята попытка выделить элементы научной теории в изложении взглядов республиканских и классических юристов на такую важнейшую часть гражданского права, как ограниченные вещные права на недвижимое имущество. В работе сделан вывод о научном характере книг по цивильному праву, фрагменты которых дошли до настоящих дней и о содержании которых можно судить из анализа Кодификации Юстиниана. В этой связи подчеркивается, что римскими юристами были научно проработаны такие вопросы как содержание ограниченных вещных прав на недвижимость, способы их возникновения, прекращения и защиты

Subspace tracking for independent phase noise source separation in frequency combs

Advanced digital signal processing techniques in combination with ultra-wideband balanced coherent detection have enabled a new generation of ultra-high speed fiber-optic communication systems, by moving most of the processing functionalities into digital domain. In this paper, we demonstrate how digital signal processing techniques, in combination with ultra-wideband balanced coherent detection can enable optical frequency comb noise characterization techniques with novel functionalities. We propose a measurement method based on subspace tracking, in combination with multi-heterodyne coherent detection, for independent phase noise sources identification, separation and measurement. Our proposed measurement technique offers several benefits. First, it enables the separation of the total phase noise associated with a particular comb-line or -lines into multiple independent phase noise terms associated with different noise sources. Second, it facilitates the determination of the scaling of each independent phase noise term with comb-line number. Our measurement technique can be used to: identify the most dominant source of phase noise; gain a better understanding of the physics behind the phase noise accumulation process; and confirm, already existing, and enable better phase noise models. In general, our measurement technique provides new insights into noise behavior of optical frequency combs

Effect of heat treatment on the structure and magnetic properties of Sm-Fe alloys obtained by mechanical alloying

The effect of heat treatment on the structure and magnetic properties of Sm-Fe alloys obtained by mechanical alloying was investigated. The crystallization temperature of Sm2Fe17, an amorphous alloy obtained by mechanical alloying, was determined using differential scanning calorimetry. Based on these results, various samples were annealed at different isothermal holding temperatures, and those with the best magnetic properties were found. Experimental studies show that decreasing the isothermal holding temperature from 750 °C to 630 °C increases magnetic characteristics nearly four times. The saturation magnetization, romance and coercivity of the Sm2Fe17 powder were 121 emu/g, 28.5 emu/g and 800 Oe, respectively

Effect of heat treatment on the structure and magnetic properties of Sm-Fe alloys obtained by mechanical alloying

The effect of heat treatment on the structure and magnetic properties of Sm-Fe alloys obtained by mechanical alloying was investigated. The crystallization temperature of Sm2Fe17, an amorphous alloy obtained by mechanical alloying, was determined using differential scanning calorimetry. Based on these results, various samples were annealed at different isothermal holding temperatures, and those with the best magnetic properties were found. Experimental studies show that decreasing the isothermal holding temperature from 750 °C to 630 °C increases magnetic characteristics nearly four times. The saturation magnetization, romance and coercivity of the Sm2Fe17 powder were 121 emu/g, 28.5 emu/g and 800 Oe, respectively

Experimental studies of hole drilling operations in stress-strain workpiecematerial

Drilling holes is one of the most common operations in the part production. Consequently, increasing the efficiency of this process is an urgent task. To improve the efficiency of the drilling process, the South- West University developed a method of drilling for pre-stressed and prestrained workpiece material, which requires a sample to be subjected to elastic strain under load not exceeding the proportionality limit of the workpiece material. That is, when the load is removed, the dimensions of the workpiece remain unchanged. The paper presents the experimental device designed to determine the axial force and torque when drilling holes in the stress-strain workpiece material. Multi-factor experiments were carried out to obtain empirical dependences of the axial force and torque arising in drilling holes in the stress-strain workpiecematerial on the process parameters

Experimental studies of hole drilling operations in stress-strain workpiecematerial

Drilling holes is one of the most common operations in the part production. Consequently, increasing the efficiency of this process is an urgent task. To improve the efficiency of the drilling process, the South- West University developed a method of drilling for pre-stressed and prestrained workpiece material, which requires a sample to be subjected to elastic strain under load not exceeding the proportionality limit of the workpiece material. That is, when the load is removed, the dimensions of the workpiece remain unchanged. The paper presents the experimental device designed to determine the axial force and torque when drilling holes in the stress-strain workpiece material. Multi-factor experiments were carried out to obtain empirical dependences of the axial force and torque arising in drilling holes in the stress-strain workpiecematerial on the process parameters

Arthroscopic Proximal Subpectoral Tenodesis of the Long Head of the Biceps

Biceps tenodesis is a common treatment method for biceps pathology. When tenodesis is located in intra-articular or suprapectoral areas, the biceps is fixed proximally to the zone of degeneration and inflammation, which can cause residual pain as a possible postsurgical complication. The main advantage of this method is that this technique is comparatively easy and can be performed arthroscopically. Typically, in terms of professional athletes, the best post-biceps tenodesis results are observed after undergoing subpectoral tenodesis because of the solid fixation and localization distally to any kind of biceps tendon degeneration and inflammation zone. However, subpectoral tenodesis has several disadvantages, as it is an open procedure that can lead to possible scar and hematoma formation, infection, bioabsorbable screw reaction, neurovascular injury, and fractures. Soft-tissue tenodesis to the proximal part of pectoralis major tendon is a well-known step in shoulder arthroplasty surgery and shows acceptable results. We suggest a technique of proximal subpectoral arthroscopic tenodesis, which combines the advantages of the location in the subpectoral zone with an all-suture anchor and that of soft-tissue tenodesis to the pectoralis major tendon, which can be performed fully arthroscopically, improving results in terms of healing by increasing the contact area

Dose-Dependent Suppression of Human Glioblastoma Xenograft Growth by Accelerator-Based Boron Neutron Capture Therapy with Simultaneous Use of Two Boron-Containing Compounds

(1) Background: Developments in accelerator-based neutron sources moved boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) to the next phase, where new neutron radiation parameters had to be studied for the treatment of cancers, including brain tumors. We aimed to further improve accelerator-BNCT efficacy by optimizing dosimetry control, beam parameters, and combinations of boronophenylalanine (BPA) and sodium borocaptate (BSH) administration in U87MG xenograft-bearing immunodeficient mice with two different tumor locations. (2) Methods: The study included two sets of experiments. In Experiment #1, BPA only and single or double irradiation in higher doses were used, while, in Experiment #2, BPA and BSH combinations and single or double irradiation with dosage adjustment were analyzed. Mice without treatment or irradiation after BPA or BPA+BSH injection were used as controls. (3) Results: Irradiation parameter adjustment and BPA and BSH combination led to 80–83% tumor-growth inhibition index scores, irradiation:BNCT ratios of 1:2, and increases in animal life expectancy from 9 to 107 days. (4) Conclusions: Adjustments in dosimetry control, calculation of irradiation doses, and combined use of two 10B compounds allowed for BNCT optimization that will be useful in the development of clinical-trial protocols for accelerator-based BNCT

Subspace tracking for phase noise source separation in frequency combs

It is widely acknowledged that the phase noise of an optical frequency comb primarily stems from the common mode (carrier-envelope) and the repetition rate phase noise. However, owing to technical noise sources or other intricate intra-cavity factors, residual phase noise components, distinct from the common mode and the repetition rate phase noise, may also exist. We introduce a measurement technique that combines subspace tracking and multi-heterodyne coherent detection for the separation of different phase noise sources. This method allows us to break down the overall phase noise sources associated with a specific comb-line into distinct phase noise components associated with the common mode, the repetition rate and the residual phase noise terms. The measurement method allow us, for the first time, to identify and measure residual phase noise sources of a frequency modulated mode-locked laser.</p