The effects of positive parenting program (Triple P) on parenting styles and the attitude towards strengths and difficulties of the child

Introduction: The present study gives an account of the effects of Triple P, positive parenting program, on parenting styles as well as the attitude towards strengths and difficulties of the child. Methods: This study is a clinical trial, which sets out to explore the effects of psychiatric disorders on 30 parents – parents of teenagers being admitted to Imam Hossein Hospital, Tehran, Iran – based on the diagnosis of child psychiatrist, teenagers with psychiatric disorders were studied in two groups: trial and control. Positive parenting program i.e. Triple P sessions were held for the trial group while the control group received usual clinical services. Results: Based on the results of the present study, after holding 3P sessions, Baumrind`s parenting styles scores show some improvement in comparison with previous test scores; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.167). The overall score of the child`s strengths and difficulties questionnaire, that was completed by the parents, represents a statistically significant difference (p=0.02) between the test scores before and after the intervention.  Conclusion: It is important to note that positive parenting interventions can improve and, at the same time, change parenting styles. Moreover, Triple P can change parents` attitudes concerning the strengths and difficulties of the child, not to mention improving their parenting styles. Our results are consistent with those of similar studies on children. Declaration of Interest: Non

Theory of mind in adolescents with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A cross-sectional study

  Objective Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder which may be associated with impaired Theory of Mind (ToM) and social cognition. ToM is a domain in social cognition which refers to one's ability to attribute beliefs, intents, perspectives, and understandings to oneself or others and to understand other's mental state. Materials & Methods The present study enrolled 52 ADHD of adolescents and 41 healthyage-matched controls in this study. This study applied The Readingthe Mind in The Eyes Task (RMET) and Theory of Mind AssessmentScale (Th.o.m.a.s.) for all participants. The results of these tasks were compared between the two study groups. Results e no significant differences between these two study groups in terms of ToM abilities using mean scores in Th.o.m.a.s inventory and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test. Also, we did not find any association between the mean score in ToM (in both study groups) and our study parameters of gender, mean age, birth rank, family structure, and income. Conclusion This study did not support the hypothesis that adolescents with ADHD perform worse on ToM tasks

Analysis of Cytogenetic Abnormalities in Iranian Patients with Syndromic Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Series

Objective Autism spectrum disorder is a heterogeneous neuropsychiatric group of pervasive development disorder, which is mostly diagnosed through the intricate behavioral phenotype. According to strong genetic involvement, detecting the chromosome regions and the key genes linked to autism can help to elucidate its etiology. The present study aims to investigate the value of cytogenetic analysis in syndromic autism as well as to find an association between autism and chromosome abnormalities. Materials & Methods Thirty-six autism patients from 30 families, diagnosed clinically with DSM-5 criteria, were recruited. The syndromic patients who had additional clinical features involving development delay, attention deficit, hyperactivity disorder, seizure, language, and intellectual impairment were selected due to elevating the detection rate. Cytogenetics analysis was performed using GTG banding on the patients' cultured fibroblasts. Moreover, array-comparative genomic hybridization was also performed for a patient with a de novo and novel variant.   Results Karyotype analysis in 36 syndromic autism patients detected chromosomal abnormalities in two (5.6%) families, including 46,XY,dup(15)(q11.1q11.2) and 46,XX,ins(7)(q11.1q21.3)dn. In the latter, array-comparative genomic hybridization detected three abnormalities on chromosome 7, including deletion and insertion on both arms; 46,XX,del(7)(q21.11q21.3),dup(7)(p11.2p14.1p12.3)dn. Conclusion We reported a novel and de novo cytogenetic abnormality on chromosome 7 in an Iranian patient diagnosed with syndromic autism. However, the detection rate in syndromic autism was low which implies that it cannot be utilized as the only diagnostic procedure

War Experience, Daily Stressors and Mental Health Among the Inter-taliban Generation Young Adults in Northern Afghanistan: A Cross-Sectional School-Based Study.

OBJECTIVES: The specific objectives of the study are to examine the mental health (depression and anxiety) of the first generation of post-Taliban government and compare these measures with its preceding generation, and to assess war experience of the first generation of post-Taliban government. We also wanted to assess the daily stressors and their contribution to the mental health, and to assess mental health as a result of war experiences and daily stressors with respect to demographic measures such as sex, marital status, age, mother's age, birth order, and ethnicities. METHODS: In a cross-sectional design, 621 high school students, were randomly selected to participate in the study to assess war experience, daily stressors, and mental health among the first generation of young adults under post-Taliban government. RESULTS: The participants had 17.37 ± 0.9 mean years of ages, 94.8% of them were unmarried. Poor mental health was significantly associated with higher exposure to war, but not with the age of participants (P = 0.08). There was no association between war experiences and the age and ethnicity of our participants (p = 0.9, p = 0.7). Age differences were negligible for daily stressors too (P = 0.07). Daily stressors scores were higher for female than male students (P = 0.02). The majority of young adults surveyed, declared themselves in agreement with statements such as the security situation in Afghanistan makes me frustrated (56%), air pollution as a concern (41%), and not having anyone to talk about what is in their heart (28.8%). Gender differences were highly significant for mental health, as appraised by both The Hopkins Symptoms Checklist (HSCL) -depression and HSCL-anxiety. Girls presented higher rates of depression, anxiety, and daily stressors than boys, and boys presented higher rates of war experiences than girls. CONCLUSION: War experience, daily stressors, and mental health were irrelevant with age, ethnicity and marital status. Factor such as being the first-born child of the family, higher reported war experiences, and daily stressors all negatively impact mental health. Alongside war and its direct effects, the existing socio-cultural context must be considered as a potential factor mediating the mental health of girls in Afghanistan

Data on the prevalence of addiction to the Internet among individuals with a history of drug abuse

The purpose of this data article is to present the prevalence of Internet addiction in people with a history of substance abuse disorder in Kerman during 2016–2017. For this purpose, 223 people with the history of substance abuse disorder in three cities of Kerman province completed the demographic form and Young׳s Internet addiction questionnaire. Demographic characteristics of participants was analyzed and presented here. Young׳s Addiction Commitment Questionnaire contains 20 questions, each with a score of 1 to 5. The history of participants about the drug abuse was investigated. In addition, the prevalence of Internet addiction among the participants was evaluated. The internet addiction is more common in people with a history of drug abuse which may be a behavioral substitute for drug addiction. Keywords: Internet addiction, Drug use, Iran, Kerma