Substitution of metal ion mordant with biomordants: Effect on color and fastness of reseda dyed on wool yarns

The environmental production of handmade carpets considering the application of natural materials; fibers, dyes, and mordants helps us benefit from the advantages of using renewable sources of raw materials. Metal salts are frequently employed as mordants to improve the fastness qualities. This article aims to investigate the yellow appearance of handmade carpets achieved by applying biomordants instead of metallic ones through spectral and colorimetric analysis. This method involved using reseda as a natural dye, yellow and black myrobalan as biomordants, and alum as a metallic mordant. After pre-mordanting and dyeing of the wool yarns, the achieved colors, color strengths, and key fastness properties were compared. The findings showed that using biomordants leads to appropriate color strengths and fastness qualities in addition to expanding the color gamut. Gratefully, the outcomes of current research guarantee to achieve the yellow appearance in Iranian handmade carpets through totally the novel eco-friendly procedure.</p