A comparative study of nickel–zinc ferrites by sol–gel route and solid-state reaction

The properties of ferrites are affected by the microstructural problems which have become the most serious obstacles in obtaining high quality reproducible ferrites. In this study, the nickel–zinc ferrites were prepared via two different methods: the conventional classical ceramic method known as the solid-state reaction, and the newer sol–gel method. The electromagnetic and microstructural properties of both different samples were also discussed. A higher electrical resistivity and controlled initial permeability with a smaller loss were found in the sol–gel samples. Consequently, the homogenous microstructure and the advantages in terms of powder and sample preparations have been discovered by means of sol–gel technique

Synthesis, magnetic properties and microstructure of Ni–Zn ferrite by sol–gel technique

In the study, the Ni–Zn ferrite powder of a Ni0.3Zn0.7Fe2O4 composition was synthesized by sol–gel route using metal acetates at low temperatures. Both the scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction analyses of various gel samples heated at different temperatures were used to identify the reaction stages where the amorphous-gel-to-crystalline phase transition occurred. The electrical, magnetic and microstructural properties of the toroidal cores were studied. It was found that the initial permeability increased with a large frequency band (0.1–31.39 MHz) and the magnetic loss was small. The electrical resistivity was higher as compared to the ones which were obtained by the conventional process. Therefore, well–defined polycrystalline microstructure nickel–zinc ferrite and a short processing time of gel preparation have become the major achievements of this study

Kesan kepekatan glukopon 215 csup terhadap saiz dan sifat magnet nanozarah Co-Ni-Cu yang disediakan dengan kaedah elektropengendapan

Nanozarah Co-Ni-Cu telah disediakan dengan kaedah elektropengendapan pada keupayaan pengendapan -925 mV (SCE) menggunakan larutan sulfat (0.018M Co2++ 0.180M Ni2+ + 0.002M Cu2+) yang mengandungi surfaktan Glukopon 215 CSUP dan juga tanpa surfaktan. Kesan kepekatan surfaktan terhadap saiz dan sifat magnet nanozarah Co-Ni-Cu yang terhasil telah dikaji. Analisis morfologi permukaan endapan yang diperoleh dilakukan dengan menggunakan mikroskop elektron imbasan pancaran medan (FESEM) manakala sifat magnetnya diselidiki dengan menggunakan magnetometer getaran sampel (VSM). Nanozarah Co-Ni-Cu yang disediakan daripada larutan yang mengandungi Glukopon 215 CSUP didapati berbentuk sfera dengan saiz berskala nanometer. Saiz zarah paling kecil ialah lebih kurang 50 nm, diperoleh pada kepekatan surfaktan 5 %v, iaitu kepekatan paling tinggi yang dikaji dalam kajian ini. Kepaksaan (Hc) didapati lebih tinggi pada sampel yang disediakan daripada elektrolit yang mengandungi surfaktan berbanding tanpa surfaktan

Preparation of Ni–Zn–Cu ferrite particles by sol–gel technique

Ni–Zn–Cu ferrite powders of Ni0.3Zn0.6Cu0.1Fe2O4 composition were synthesized by sol–gel method at low temperatures. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses of various gel samples heated at different temperatures helped in identifying the reaction process and the stages where amorphous-gel-to-crystalline phase transition occurred. The powders were used to make ferrite cores and their microstructure was compared with those obtained by the classic ceramic process. The spinel cubic structure Ni–Zn–Cu ferrite was found to form at the temperature of 700 °C with a calcination time of 4 h. Short processing time of gel preparation, homogeneity and well defined polycrystalline microstructure with small grain size were achieved in this study

Economic Status of Community Interest in Membership of BPJS Health in Duampanua District, Pinrang Regency

BACKGROUND: Starting from 2017 until 2019, the number of patient visiting public health centers Lampa is always more than the number of patient visits BPJS, it indicates that the public interest in District Duampanua, Pinrang Regency on BPJS Health membership is still lacking. AIM: This study aimed to determine the effect of economic status on community interest in BPJS health membership. METOHDS: This study used a quantitative research with cross-sectional study approach. The location of this research was in the District Duampanua, Pinrang Regency. The population in this study is the community in Duampanua District Pinrang Regency with 51.593 people. The sampling technique in this study used a purposive sampling technique with 100 sample size. Data analysis performed was univariate and bivariate with Chi-square test. RESULTS: The results showed that there are influence of economic status variables (p = 0.016) to community interest in BPJS Health membership in Duampanua District, Pinrang Regency. The conclusion of this study is that there is an influence of economic status on community interest in BPJS Health membership because the higher the economic status of the community, the higher their interest in BPJS Health membership. CONCLUSION: It is expected that stakeholders in each village in the Duampanua District can find out the income of the community by conducting data collection evenly as proof of their worthiness of being members of JKN-KIS participants

Analisis keberkesanan benziltrietilamonium klorida sebagai perencat kakisan bagi perlindungan keluli karbon

Keberkesanan perencatan benziltrietilamonium klorida (BK) terhadap perlindungan kakisan keluli karbon di dalam 1 M asid asetik telah dianalisis dengan menggunakan kaedah ujian kehilangan berat. Matlamat kajian adalah untuk menilai tahap kecekapan perencatan BK berdasarkan perubahan nilai kepekatan perencat berkenaan dan suhu. Analisis kehilangan berat menunjukkan kadar kakisan keluli karbon berjaya dikurangkan dengan penggunaan kepekatan BK yang lebih tinggi dan nilai kecekapan perencatan BK mencapai sehingga 70%. Namun kadar kakisan didapati meningkat selari dengan peningkatan suhu. Analisis termodinamik mendapati perencatan BK berjaya mengurangkan proses pelarutan ion-ion logam melalui pembentukan lapisan filem nipis pada permukaan keluli karbon. Analisis juga menunjukkan sebatian BK berupaya menjerap pada permukaan keluli karbon melalui kedua-dua kaedah penjerapan fizikal dan kimia. Proses penjerapan BK pada permukaan keluli karbon didapati lebih menjurus kepada model isoterma penjerapan Langmuir. Analisis morfologi menggunakan mikroskop imbasan elektron turut mengesahkan berlakunya perencatan BK pada tapak permukaan keluli karbon. Keseluruhan kajian mendapati sebatian BK berupaya melindungi keluli karbon daripada mengalami kakisan di dalam medium asid asetik

Islamic Development Bank (IDB), foreign aid and the challenges for sustainable development in Africa

Foreign aid/development assistance involves the transfer of resources in whatever form from the developed countries or multilateral financial institutions like World Bank, IMF, Islamic Development Bank (IDB) etc. to less developed or developing countries for the purpose of promoting and stimulating their economies for growth and development. Unfortunately, most of these countries, especially the African countries are characterized by multiple problems such as bad leadership and governance, mismanagement and corruption, debt crisis, insufficient and poor infrastructure, chronic poverty etc.; and all these problems have continued to make nonsense of foreign aid’s judicious and optimal utilization and impact on their economies.However, considering the position and role of IDB over the years in the global economic development; this paper examined the developmental activities of IDB in Africa and some of the challenges for sustainable development.In line with the Financial Two Gap Model (Double Deficit Model) and also the Islamic economic principle of Wide Circulation of Wealth, this paper therefore argues that there are a lot of challenges confronting the continent, which the Bank could assist in resolving through its development assistance, especially in the Muslim populated countries i.e. African Muslim Countries (AMCs). Challenges like Human capital development (HCD), poverty alleviation, corruption and mismanagement, infrastructural development, and good governance among others have enormous implications for sustainable development in the continent. And hence, this paper recommends that IDB should give more attention and priority to growth promoting types of foreign aid like program aid, sectoral aid, technical assistance etc. rather than financial aid, which is often squander. Doing this would facilitate the development process and by extension the desire for sustainability in the continent

Antimicrobial activities of stembark and wood extracts from Nauclea subdita against pathogenic microorganisms

Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Nauclea subdita (Korth) Steud against six pathogenic microorganisms. Methodology and results: Young and matured trees of N. subdita were cut and separated into bark and wood parts, respectively, prior to extraction process. Phytochemical screening tests, antimicrobial activity, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were determined. Preliminary screening for phytochemical components showed that both young and matured tree had similar constituents. Extracts from matured tree showed more potency in terms of the zones of inhibition sizes than the young tree. Extract of N. subdita was more potent to both marine bacteria, Vibrio parahaemoliticus and V. alginolyticus, while Candida albican and Aspergillus niger were resistant to it. The sensitivity test showed that 500 μg/mL is the optimum concentration for extract of bottom sapwood of mature tree to act as bactericidal. Conclusion, significance and impact study: The results from this study suggest that N. subdita bark and wood extracts may serve as potential source of antimicrobial agents for future development in medicine applications

Effect of natural aging prior to heat treatment on tensile property of Al-1.2Si-0.5Mg-0.25Fe sheet alloy

Good formability, good corrosion resistance and reasonably good strength of the 6XXX series aluminum alloys have made them a good candidate for automotive body applications. In Europe, the high formability of Al alloy, AA6016 has made it the main automotive skin alloy, while in North America, AA6111 is a preferred alloy because of its good final strength and good dent resistance (Burger et al., 1995)