8 research outputs found

    L’Ankaratra au croisement de conceptions et d’intĂ©rĂȘts divergents : conservation de la biodiversitĂ© et hĂ©ritage ancestral

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    La forĂȘt de l’Ankaratra (Madagascar) fait l’objet de diffĂ©rents enjeux, que reflĂšte sa division en deux parties. Une partie de la forĂȘt est constituĂ©e de conifĂšres et d’autres espĂšces plantĂ©es depuis la pĂ©riode coloniale, qui sont l’objet d’une exploitation commerciale ; dans l’autre partie poussent des plantes utilisĂ©es dans la pharmacopĂ©e traditionnelle et par les spĂ©cialistes magico-religieux ; s’y trouvent Ă©galement des lieux de culte importants qui rassemblent au-delĂ  de la rĂ©gion de l’Ankaratra. Ces lieux de culte constituent un Ă©lĂ©ment fondamental de l’identitĂ© des originaires de l’Ankaratra. La forĂȘt est menacĂ©e par les exploitants de bois et par les charbonniers, les coupables dĂ©signĂ©s Ă©tant les migrants et les descendants d’anciens esclaves des originaires de l’Ankaratra, qui gardent un statut dĂ©valorisĂ©. Originaires et exploitants de la forĂȘt ont face Ă  eux les autoritĂ©s Ă©tatiques, les organismes internationaux, les ONG et les associations qui s’occupent de sa conservation. Les projets mis en Ɠuvre dans ce cadre exacerbent les tensions entre groupes locaux, renforçant l’exclusion des anciens dominĂ©s et favorisant des factions parmi les anciens dominants.The forest of Ankaratra (Madagascar) is divided into two parts, reflecting the questions at stake. One part of the forest consists of conifers and other species cultivated since the colonial period for exploitation as timber. The plants growing in the other part are used in the traditional pharmacopeia and rituals ; there are also places of worship with strong significance for the inhabitants’ identity, which are visited by a large population coming from beyond the Ankaratra region. The forest is threatened by timber merchants and charcoal producers, who are apparently migrants and low-status descendants of former slaves. Faced against them, the state authorities, international agencies, NGOs and associations apply a decentralized conservation policy, in which the projects aggravate tensions between local groups, reinforcing the exclusion of formerly subjugated people and promoting factionalism

    Les statuts sociaux dans les Hautes Terres malgaches à la lumiÚre des archives missionnaires norvégiennes

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    Social status in Madagascar’s Highlands in light of the Vig Archives. Social status seems to have figured among the themes for research and reflection by the Norwegian missionaries of the 19th century, together with the religion and history of the different kingdoms of Betsileo (in Madagascar’s Southern Highlands) to which they are linked. The texts mainly concern the princely groups who were in power, and, at the other end of the social scale, the groups of andevo (slaves)

    La notion d'esclave en Imerina (Madagascar) (ancienne servitude et aspects actuels de la dépendance)

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    L'ancienne sociĂ©tĂ© merina a Ă©tĂ© composĂ©e de quatre ordres hiĂ©rarchiques dont les andevo ("esclaves") ont occupĂ© la derniĂšre position. MalgrĂ© l'abolition de l'esclavage et du systĂšme hiĂ©rarchique de 1896, les diffĂ©rents termes relatifs Ă  l'ancienne stratification sont maintenus. Pour lĂ©gitimer leur prĂ©sence dans les villages des anciens maĂźtres, les descendants des anciens andevo ont construit une identitĂ© selon les critĂšres des anciens libres : terre, tombeau et ancĂȘtre. MalgrĂ© cette identitĂ©, ils n'ont pas acquis la mĂȘme position que les descendants des anciens maĂźtres. Ces derniers essaient de maintenir les descendants des anciens andevo dans une position de dĂ©pendants afin de garder leur position d'anciens dominants.The old merina society was divided into four hierarchical groups. The andevo ("slaves") formed the lowest rank. Despite the 1896 abolition of slavery, the term "andevo" is still used in present-day Imerina along with the other terms which designated the former masters. The former slaves who did not leave the villages of their masters alter abolition, had to legitimize their presence. They adopted former master criteria of identity: ancestors, tomb and land. In spite of this newly acquired identity former slave descendants do not obtain the same position as former master descendants. The latter keep the former in their ancient position of dependants in order to maintain their own position as ancient dominants.NANTERRE-BU PARIS10 (920502102) / SudocSudocFranceF
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