CAPITAL STRUCTURE, LIQUIDITY AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF THE FIRMS IN CEMENT AND SUGAR INDUSTRIES OF PAKISTAN

This research examines the impact of firm capital structure and liquidity on the financial performance of sugar and cement sector firms in Pakistan. The study used the secondary data of 30 firms randomly selected for the period 2005 to 2017. The data was analyzed through statistical tools like correlation and regression. The results revealed that the capital structure proxies have a negative correlation with financial performance proxies of these sector firms.The results indicated that debts to equity ratio and the fund capital ratio has a negative insignificant impact however the debts ratio and Funded debts ratio were found having a negative significant impact on the financial proxies of these selected firms. The results indicated a positive correlation of the liquidity with the financial performance of these firms. The results demonstrating positive effect of current and quick ratios on the financial performance proxies of these firms. The study has some meaningful insights for the financial managers and decision makers of these firms

Comparison of Evaporation in Conventional Diesel and Bio-Fuel Droplets in Engine Cylinder

Renewable energy resources are need of the hour at the current energy scarcity scenario in the world. Scientist and researchers are finding the ways to replace the conventional energy resources with the renewable ones. It is fact that fossils are going to be obsolete in future. One third of global energy is being consumed by the transportation sector. All the amount of this energy comes from the fossils that contain the hydrocarbons in their composition. Efforts are being made to replace the fossils with the renewable energy resources. In this regard, biofuels are emerged as a replacement of the diesel fuels. There are several processes in the engine cylinder from atomization of fuel until the exhaust of gases. One of them is the evaporation of fuel droplets. In the present work, evaporation characteristics of conventional diesel fuel and biofuels is described by comparing them in different working conditions. Modeling of evaporation phenomenon using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques and the effects of in cylinder conditions is also explained. Results show that biofuel droplets show a better evaporation rate at the high operating conditions in the engine cylinder

Development and Rasch analysis of an achievement test at master level (philosophy of education)

The specific purpose of the research was to construct an achievement test in the area of philosophy of education for master level students in universities of Punjab (Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur and University of Sargodha, Sargodha. Test comprises 60 multiple-choice items, selected from the item bank constructed by researcher. This test was administered to 231 male and female students of M.A. Education and M.Ed. selected randomly. Data were analysed through Rasch model. As the result of Rasch calibration, three items were tossed out of the test. Figure latent continuum showing position of items and persons was made. This study suggests that to cover the whole syllabus items should be increased. An effort should be made to take a greater number of samples for the study, so that item analysis through Rasch Model can show its probability

Potential electrolytes for solid state batteries and its electrochemical analysis - a review

The main purpose of this review is to present comprehensive research on all solid-state electrolytes in a single frame. In next-generation rechargeable solid-state batteries, the solid-state electrolytes are well known for their thermal stability, ionic conduction, and electrochemical stability. Therefore, in scientific societies, the development of potential solid-state electrolytes become a trending debate to enhance their cycling stability and electrochemical properties. Here, the recent development of all solid electrolytes (such as ceramic and structure-based electrolytes) to enhance their electrochemical properties is summarized. From previous studies, the installation of solid electrolytes is hindered by the following factors electrode-electrolyte interface, dendrite growth, and discharge capacity as well as its solutions are discussed. Additionally, advanced electrochemical characterization techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic charging and discharging used to evaluate the electrochemical behavior of electrolytes in the solid frame are summarized for the first time. Moreover, an up-to-date article on battery performance with potential electrolytes and some future perspectives also give a vivid image of the pragmatic applications of these batteries at the commercial level

Prophylactic use of Levofloxacin during induction of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children—experience from Pakistan

To assess whether prophylactic use of Levofloxacin would reduce the number of febrile neutropenia episodes during the induction phase, a single-centre, case-control study was carried out. Data was collected prospectively of patients who received Levofloxacin prophylaxis during the induction chemotherapy from September 2019 till October 2020. The cases were compared with historical controls who did not receive antibiotics prophylaxis. A total of 121 patients were enrolled, among which 61 patients were cases, whereas 60 patients were controls. The patients who received Levofloxacin prophylaxis had lower rate of febrile neutropenia episodes than patients who did not receive any prophylaxis (P 0.01) (odds ratio [OR] :0.23, CI 95percent). No significant difference in induction mortality was seen between the two groups (p 0.14). Levofloxacin prophylaxis reduced the rate of febrile neutropenia episodes among patients, but it did not affect the infection related mortality. Keywords: Antibiotic Prophylaxis, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia, Children

Numerical Study of Evaporation Modelling for Different Fuels at High Operating Conditions in a Diesel Engine

A fuel injection system in a diesel engine has different processes that affect the complete burning of the fuel in the combustion chamber. These include the primary and secondary breakups of liquid fuel droplets and evaporation. In the present paper, evaporation of two different diesel fuels has been modelled numerically. Evaporation of n-heptane and n-decane is governed by the conservation equations of mass, energy, momentum, and species transport. Results have been plotted by varying the droplet diameter and temperature. It was observed that droplet size, temperature of droplets, and ambient temperature have notable effect on the evaporation time of diesel fuel droplets in the engine cylinder