Customers Buying Experience of Short Expiry Products from Supermarkets: An Evidence from 5 Supermarkets of Pakistan

In recent years there has been rapid growth of supermarket chains like Imtiaz, Naheed, Metro and Hyperstar in Pakistan. Selling of expired products is one the major issues among customers who mostly buy the food products from supermarkets. In this report, We set out to investigate customer experienced about short expiry products. A questionnaire is distributed to 120 customers in which 100 are selected for the study.  From the analysis and results it can be understand that about 56% were female and 44% were male respondents who mostly go for food shopping from supermarkets respectively. Some Factors affecting customers buying decision from supermarkets are product quality, product price, store environment, discount rate and product availability.  By applying hypothesis on these factors, we conclude that all the factors are affecting buying decisioon. On investigation about expereince of buying expiry product, 27% respondents reavealled that they have sometime expeirenced buying short expiry products.  The results are very significant for product suppliers, supermarket owners and most importantly to authorities. Keywords:Customers experience, short expiry, super markets

Financial liberalization and macroeconomic performance, empirical evidence from selected Asian countries

Financially repressed economy cannot grow with an increasing growth rate. That’s why most of the developing countries move toward liberalized financial system. The basic objective of this paper is to provide a comparative analysis of Pakistan, China, and India financial sector liberalization and its impact on macroeconomic performance. This study uses Johansen co integration to provide cross country evidence of long run relationship between macroeconomic variables and financial openness. Results show that there is long run relation among financial openness and macro economic performance in all three countries. Financial liberalization has positive and significant effect on Pakistan macroeconomic performance while negative and significant effect on china economy. The relationship in India is positive but not significantFinancial liberalization, financial depth. Economic growth

A Retinal Tear Induced By Pazopanib Therapy: A Case Report

Introduction The management of renal cell carcinoma has undergone major transformation in recent years. With the onset of innovative surgical treatments and systemic medications – there has been an overall decrease in mortality.1 The systemic medications that target the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein have created the most potent effects, especially when treating metastatic renal cell carcinoma. These prove to be important treatments since renal cell carcinoma has become the seventh most common cancer in men, with a general prevalence of 2-3%.2 With more advancement in knowledge about renal cell carcinoma, research has shown the utility of pazopanib (Votrient), a specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor, targeting multiple receptors; its action is primarily to block angiogenesis and tumor growth, such as VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, PDGFR-A, PDGFR-B, FGFR-1, and FGFR-3.3 Targeting these specific receptors helps pazopanib to achieve an overall clinical benefit rate of greater than 90%, creating long-lasting disease control for patients 4 CASE PRESENTATION A 63 year old Caucasian female with a past medical history of migraine headaches, dyslipidemia and depression was diagnosed with clear cell type Renal Cell Cancer, in late 2004. She underwent a laparoscopic nephrectomy in 2005 and a kidney mass measuring 9 x 7 x 4 cm was removed, revealing T2 disease with Furman Grade 2 disease. The patient was followed for years and had a CT scan of her Chest in June of 2012 - where multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules were identified, the largest nodule was a 1.5 x 1.2 cm nodule at the right middle lobe. CT-guided biopsy was attempted, however was not diagnostic. Therefore, the patient underwent a right upper lobe wedge resection in October of 2012, which confirmed metastatic renal cell cancer to the lung. A PET/CT scan was also performed, and ruled out any evidence of abdominal or bone metastatic disease. Additional therapeutic options were discussed with the patient, such as high-dose interleukin-2 infusion to achieve durable remission and then potentially start targeted therapy when needed. At the time when she was diagnosed with metastatic disease, the patient was in optimal health and was an excellent candidate for high-dose interleukin-2 treatment because she only had pulmonary nodules, without evidence of metastatic disease elsewhere in her body. She was agreeable and finished three cycles of high-dose interleukin-2 treatment along with Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy. The patient was finally started on targeted therapy with a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor in June of 2013. Pazopanib 400mg daily was started and titrated up to 600mg daily, which is considered optimal therapy. However, this patient began to have significant diarrhea without relief from Lomotil and other antidiarrheal medication regimens. Her dose was decreased to 400mg daily which resulted in a decreased amount of diarrhea - one to two times a day which was tolerable. Additionally, a few months after the onset of pazopanib treatment, the patient began having blurry vision, a symptom which was very worrisome

Compact UWB power divider packaged by using gap waveguide technology

We present the design of a new ultra-wideband (UWB) 3 dB power divider, packaged by using Gap Waveguide Technology. The power divider, a simple compact T-junction designed by using Klopfenstein taper technique, has a bandwidth of about 2-14 GHz, with the purpose of being used in a feeding network for the Eleven feed. Simulated and measured results of transmission and reflection coefficients are presented. Comparison of the power dividers between without packaging, packaged by a metal box and packaged with the gap waveguide technology has shown the superiority of the new design

Impacts of economic crises and reform on the informal textile industry in Karachi

"To date, no empirical research has examined the local impacts of economic crises and reform on cities in Pakistan, including Karachi. This study addresses this gap by examining how the textile industry – as one of Pakistan’s most productive economic sectors – has been impacted, with a focus on the informal power loom sub-sector. The factors that have contributed to the decline of the textile industry and the repercussions for this sub-sector, including one of the settlements in which it operates, are discussed. The conclusions contemplate the challenges of formulating urban policy responses to an economic problem that is shaped simultaneously by local, regional and global pressures.

The Role of Society in Nurturing Entrepreneurs in Pakistan

Understanding about the role society should play in nurturing and grooming of risk seekers is critical for every society in order to produce better entrepreneur and increase the prospects socio-economic uplift. The economic strength of a society stands on the number of risk seekers breathe in it. A nation is likely to remain rearward not because of scarcity of infrastructure or drought of natural resources, but because of the absence of entrepreneurial skill to tap the buried resources existing with in that society. The purpose of this study is to investigate the causal relationship between nurturing of entrepreneurs (dependent variable) and the societal factors (independent variable) including role of education system, family support and, government policies. Keywords: Society, Pakistan, Risk, Entrepreneurs, Socio-Economic Suppor

The Critical Role of Political Processes in Small Organizations’ Software Maintenance Efforts

This paper examines the critical role political processes play in small organizations’ software maintenance. To identify political processes, a case study involving two projects (a successful and a failed project) was conducted in a small organization. Analysis of data from the case studies was used to develop insights about the phenomenon which highlight the important role of individuals’ political processes in enabling and impeding organizational objectives. Specifically individual’s political strategies and styles are explored and their effects on the outcome of software maintenance projects are presented. Preliminary findings of this research suggests that project success is contingent on the emergence of a strong political leadership and that such leadership emerges through synergies in political styles and political strategies of individual actors