X-ray and radio prompt emission from a hypernova SN 2002ap

Here we report on combined X-ray and radio observations of SN 2002ap with XMM-Newton ToO observation and GMRT observations aided with VLA published results. In deriving the X-ray flux of SN 2002ap we account for the contribution of a nearby source, found to be present in the pre-SN explosion images obtained with Chandra observatory. We also derive upper limits on mass loss rate from X-ray and radio data. We suggest that the prompt X-ray emission is non-thermal in nature and its is due to the repeated compton boosting of optical photons. We also compare SN's early radiospheric properties with two other SNe at the same epoch.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures. Uses espcrc2.sty. To appear in proceedings of symposium on X-ray astronomy "The Restless High-Energy Universe", May 2003, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, eds. E.P.J. van den Heuvel, J.J.M. in 't Zand, and R.A.M.J. Wijer

Physical properties of Tolman-Bayin solutions: some cases of static charged fluid spheres in general relativity

In this article, Einstein-Maxwell space-time has been considered in connection to some of the astrophysical solutions as previously obtained by Tolman (1939) and Bayin (1978). The effect of inclusion of charge into these solutions has been investigated thoroughly and also the nature of fluid pressure and mass density throughout the sphere have been discussed. Mass-radius and mass-charge relations have been derived for various cases of the charged matter distribution. Two cases are obtained where perfect fluid with positive pressures give rise to electromagnetic mass models such that gravitational mass is of purely electromagnetic origin.Comment: 15 pages, 12 figure

Charm Meson Mixing: An Experimental Review

We review current experimental results on charm mixing and CP violation. We survey experimental techniques, including time-dependent, time-independent, and quantum-correlated measurements. We review techniques that use a slow pion tag from D*+ --> pi+ D0 + c.c. decays and those that do not, and cover two-body and multi-body D0 decay modes. We provide a summary of D-mixing results to date and comment on future experimental prospects at the LHC and other new or planned facilities.Comment: 53 pages, 29 figures, 8 table

Three-dimensional measurements of fatigue crack closure

Fatigue crack growth and retardation experiments conducted in polycarbonate test specimen are described. The transparent test material allows optical interferometry measurements of the fatigue crack opening (and closing) profiles. Crack surface displacements are obtained through the specimen thickness and three dimensional aspects of fatigue crack closure are discussed

High aspect reactor vessel and method of use

An improved bio-reactor vessel and system useful for carrying out mammalian cell growth in suspension in a culture media are presented. The main goal of the invention is to grow and maintain cells under a homogeneous distribution under acceptable biochemical environment of gas partial pressures and nutrient levels without introducing direct agitation mechanisms or associated disruptive mechanical forces. The culture chamber rotates to maintain an even distribution of cells in suspension and minimizes the length of a gas diffusion path. The culture chamber design is presented and discussed