Chemical control of giant pigweed, sesbania pea and fierce thornapple in sorghum

Giant pigweed (Trianthema portulacastrum) infesting sorghum was controlled at the seedling stage by atrazine at 0.14 kg/ha, but plants 5 cm in diam. required a rate of 1.12 kg

Effects of chemical and mechanical management of fallow land on soil moisture accumulation and yield of wheat

The effects of chemical weed control using paraquat or paraquat + diquat, and conventional cultivation by ploughing to 20 cm using a reversible disc plough, were investigated during 1972-5 at a site on alluvial clay soil in central Queensland

Isotype-specific detection of ABO blood group antibodies using a novel flow cytometric method

Several methods to detect anti-A/B antibodies based on haemagglutination and haemolysis have been described. These methods measure predominantly anti-A/B immunoglobulin (Ig)M, whereas anti-A/B IgG and IgG subclasses are less well examined. We established a flow cytometry method (ABO-fluorescence-activated cell sorting; ABO-FACS) to quantify binding of anti-A/B IgM, IgG and IgG subclasses to human A or B red blood cells. Anti-A/B IgM were present in the majority of 120 blood donors, as expected from blood group typing. The sensitivity and specificity of anti-A/B IgM to predict the blood group was 93% and 96% respectively. Anti-A/B IgG was found in 34/38 blood group O samples (89%). Anti-B IgG in blood group A or anti-A IgG in blood group B was present in 4/28 (14%) and 1/28 (4%) samples, respectively, and absent in 26 AB sera. IgG2 was the predominant IgG subclass. The correlation of anti-A/B IgM and IgG in the ABO-FACS with haemagglutination titres was 0.870 and 0.783, respectively (n = 240; P < 0.001) whereas the comparison of ABO-FACS with ABO-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was less significant. In conclusion, ABO-FACS is a valid method to quantify anti-A/B IgM, IgG and IgG subclasses. It opens the possibility of isotype-specific monitoring of anti-A/B antibodies levels after ABO-incompatible solid organ and stem cell transplantation

Vernalização afeta o filocrono em lírio Vernalization affects the phyllochron in lily

O experimento foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de estudar o efeito da vernalização sobre o filocrono (intervalo de tempo entre o aparecimento de duas folhas sucessivas) em lírio (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.), cv. Snow Queen, no campo experimental do Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria (RS). Os tratamentos constituíram-se de bulbos submetidos a -0,5 ºC; 4 ºC e 10 ºC com períodos de vernalização dos bulbos de 2, 4, 6 e 8 semanas. O tratamento testemunha correspondeu a bulbos não vernalizados. Após o tratamento de vernalização, os bulbos foram plantados no interior de uma estufa plástica em 5 de dezembro de 2002 e observado o desenvolvimento das plantas. O filocrono foi estimado pelo inverso do coeficiente angular da regressão linear entre o número de folhas e o acúmulo térmico acima de 1 ºC, a partir da emergência das plantas. Os resultados evidenciaram que o estado de vernalização da planta afeta o filocrono em lírio, e plantas não vernalizadas ou com pouca vernalização têm um filocrono mais elevado do que plantas completamente vernalizadas. Quando o tratamento de vernalização é maior que 30 dias efetivos de vernalização, o valor do filocrono foi em torno de 25 ºC dia/folha, valor que pode ser utilizado como referência quando os bulbos são vernalizados e utilizados em plantios comerciais.<br>An experiment was carried out to verify the effect of vernalization period on the phyllochron (time interval between the appearance of two successive leaves) in lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb), cv. 'Snow Queen'. The trial was conducted at Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Treatments were bulbs stored at vernalizing temperatures of -0.5, 4, and 10ºC during periods of 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. Control treatment was unvernalized bulbs. Bulbs were planted inside a plastic greenhouse on December 05, 2002, and crop development was evaluated throughout the growing season. Phyllochron for each treatment was estimated as the inverse of the slope of the linear regression relating leaf number and accumulated thermal time above 1ºC after emergence. Results showed that the phyllochron is affected by vernalization. Unvernalized plants and plants with low vernalization treatments had greater phyllochron values compared to completely vernalized plants. Plants vernalized with 30 or higher effective vernalization days had a phyllochron value around 25 ºC days/leaf. This phyllochron can be used as a reference when vernalized bulbs are used in commercial croppings