Exploring the Pathways of Females who Achieved the Highest Administrative Positions in Education

There has been an historically ongoing problem of the underrepresentation of females in the highest administrative positions in education in the United States of America and globally. The participants of this research study included a small mixed-race sample of 37 female university and college presidents and superintendents of school districts across the state. The study utilized a mixed-methods concurrent triangulation design. Based on an extensive literature review, a questionnaire was developed and sent to female presidents and superintendents in a Midwestern state that assessed their perceptions of the role played by factors identified in the current literature as having contributed or challenged the pathway to their current positions. The possible solutions to the underrepresentation of women in the topmost educational administrative positions were also explored. Concurrently, female university and college presidents were invited to participate in a 60 minute in-person interview in order to explore these issues more deeply. Nine presidents agreed to participate in the in-person interviews. Findings indicated that the qualitative data aligned with the quantitative data in general terms. Future general recommendations for practice included similar studies conducted in other regional areas of the United States, and possibly abroad. This research could provide implications for institutions of higher education for insights into the underrepresentation of women in presidency roles, and potential benefits of impacting educational institutions and systems. Recommendations for females are provided in this study which included learning from the pathways of presidents and exploring possible solutions to the underrepresentation of women in these positions

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in two pediatric patients with kidney disease on chronic immunosuppression: A case series

This article is made available for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a highly infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus (SARS‐CoV‐2). While children appear to experience less severe disease than adults, those with underlying conditions such as kidney disease may be more susceptible to infection. Limited data are present for children with kidney disease, and there are limited prior reports of pediatric hemodialysis patients with COVID‐19. This report describes the mild clinical disease course of COVID‐19 in two pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease, one on hemodialysis and both on chronic immunosuppression. We review treatment in these patients, as well as our measures to reduce transmission among our hemodialysis patients and staff

Neuropsychiatric risk in children with intellectual disability of genetic origin: IMAGINE - The UK National Cohort Study

Background: Children with intellectual disability (ID) frequently have multiple co-morbid neuropsychiatric conditions and poor physical health. Genomic testing is increasingly recommended as a first-line investigation for these children. We aimed to determine the impact of genomics, inheritance and socioeconomic deprivation on neuropsychiatric risk in children with intellectual disability of genetic origin as compared to the general population. Methods: IMAGINE is a prospective study using online mental health and medical assessments in a cohort of 2770 children with ID and pathogenic genomic variants, identified by the UK’s National Health Service. Outcomes: Assessments completed on 2397 young people with ID (4-19 years, M 9·2, SD 3·9) with a rare pathogenic genomic variant. 1339 (55·9%) were male. 1771 (73·9%) of participants had a pathogenic copy number variant (CNV), 626 (26·1%) a pathogenic single nucleotide variant (SNV). Participants were representative of the socioeconomic spectrum of the UK general population. The relative risk of co-occurring neuropsychiatric diagnoses, compared with the UK national population, was high: Autism Spectrum Disorder 29·2 (95% CI 23·9 to 36·5), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 13·5 (95% CI 11·1 to 16·3). In children with a CNV, those with a familial variant tended to live in more socioeconomically deprived areas. Both inheritance and socioeconomic deprivation contributed to neuropsychiatric risk in those with a CNV. Interpretation: Children with genomic variants and ID are at a greatly enhanced risk of neuropsychiatric difficulties. CNV variant inheritance and socioeconomic deprivation also contribute to the risk

2016 Research & Innovation Day Program

A one day showcase of applied research, social innovation, scholarship projects and activities.https://first.fanshawec.ca/cri_cripublications/1003/thumbnail.jp

Neuropsychiatric risk in children with intellectual disability of genetic origin: IMAGINE, a UK national cohort study

Background Children with intellectual disability frequently have multiple co-morbid neuropsychiatric conditions and poor physical health. Genomic testing is increasingly recommended as a first-line investigation for these children. We aim to determine the effect of genomics, inheritance, and socioeconomic deprivation on neuropsychiatric risk in children with intellectual disability of genetic origin as compared with the general population. Methods IMAGINE is a prospective cohort study using online mental health and medical assessments in a cohort of 3407 UK participants with intellectual disability and pathogenic genomic variants as identified by the UK's National Health Service (NHS). Our study is on a subset of these participants, including all children aged 4–19 years. We collected diagnostic genomic reports from NHS records and asked primary caregivers to provide an assessment of their child using the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), the Adaptive Behaviour Assessment System 3 (ABAS-3), and a medical history questionnaire. Each child was assigned a rank based on their postcode using the index of multiple deprivation (IMD). We compared the IMAGINE cohort with the 2017 National Survey of Children's Mental Health in England. The main outcomes of interest were mental health and neurodevelopment according to the DAWBA and SDQ. Findings We recruited 2770 children from the IMAGINE study between Oct 1, 2014 and June 30, 2019, of whom 2397 (86·5%) had a basic assessment of their mental health completed by their families and 1277 (46·1%) completed a medical history questionnaire. The mean age of participants was 9·2 years (SD 3·9); 1339 (55·9%) were boys and 1058 (44·1%) were girls. 355 (27·8%) of 1277 reported a seizure disorder and 814 (63·7%) reported movement or co-ordination problems. 1771 (73·9%) of 2397 participants had a pathogenic copy number variant (CNV) and 626 (26·1%) had a pathogenic single nucleotide variant (SNV). Participants were representative of the socioeconomic spectrum of the UK general population. The relative risk (RR) of co-occurring neuropsychiatric diagnoses, compared with the English national population, was high: autism spectrum disorder RR 29·2 (95% CI 23·9–36·5), ADHD RR 13·5 (95% CI 11·1–16·3). In children with a CNV, those with a familial variant tended to live in more socioeconomically deprived areas than those with a de novo variant. Both inheritance and socioeconomic deprivation contributed to neuropsychiatric risk in those with a CNV. Interpretation Children with genomic variants and intellectual disability are at an increased risk of neuropsychiatric difficulties. CNV variant inheritance and socioeconomic deprivation also contribute to the risk. Early genomic investigations of children with intellectual disability could facilitate the identification of the most vulnerable children. Additionally, harnessing parental expertise using online DAWBA assessments could rapidly identify children with exceptional needs to child mental health services

Proceedings of the 3rd Biennial Conference of the Society for Implementation Research Collaboration (SIRC) 2015: advancing efficient methodologies through community partnerships and team science

It is well documented that the majority of adults, children and families in need of evidence-based behavioral health interventionsi do not receive them [1, 2] and that few robust empirically supported methods for implementing evidence-based practices (EBPs) exist. The Society for Implementation Research Collaboration (SIRC) represents a burgeoning effort to advance the innovation and rigor of implementation research and is uniquely focused on bringing together researchers and stakeholders committed to evaluating the implementation of complex evidence-based behavioral health interventions. Through its diverse activities and membership, SIRC aims to foster the promise of implementation research to better serve the behavioral health needs of the population by identifying rigorous, relevant, and efficient strategies that successfully transfer scientific evidence to clinical knowledge for use in real world settings [3]. SIRC began as a National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)-funded conference series in 2010 (previously titled the “Seattle Implementation Research Conference”; $150,000 USD for 3 conferences in 2011, 2013, and 2015) with the recognition that there were multiple researchers and stakeholdersi working in parallel on innovative implementation science projects in behavioral health, but that formal channels for communicating and collaborating with one another were relatively unavailable. There was a significant need for a forum within which implementation researchers and stakeholders could learn from one another, refine approaches to science and practice, and develop an implementation research agenda using common measures, methods, and research principles to improve both the frequency and quality with which behavioral health treatment implementation is evaluated. SIRC’s membership growth is a testament to this identified need with more than 1000 members from 2011 to the present.ii SIRC’s primary objectives are to: (1) foster communication and collaboration across diverse groups, including implementation researchers, intermediariesi, as well as community stakeholders (SIRC uses the term “EBP champions” for these groups) – and to do so across multiple career levels (e.g., students, early career faculty, established investigators); and (2) enhance and disseminate rigorous measures and methodologies for implementing EBPs and evaluating EBP implementation efforts. These objectives are well aligned with Glasgow and colleagues’ [4] five core tenets deemed critical for advancing implementation science: collaboration, efficiency and speed, rigor and relevance, improved capacity, and cumulative knowledge. SIRC advances these objectives and tenets through in-person conferences, which bring together multidisciplinary implementation researchers and those implementing evidence-based behavioral health interventions in the community to share their work and create professional connections and collaborations

Patterns of salt lick use by mammals and birds in northeastern Cambodia

Natural salt or mineral licks are valuable, yet spatially limited resources for wild animal populations. Many animals visit salt licks to engage in geophagy, which may serve to supplement mineral intake, ease gastrointestinal issues or buff er the eff ects of dietary toxins. This makes salt licks benefi cial resources for the diet, nutrition and health of the animals that use them. Veun Sai–Siem Pang National Park in Cambodia is an area of high biodiversity value, and includes a number of salt lick sites. By placing camera traps at fi ve salt lick locations within the conservation area, we investigated the patt erns of lick use by animals to assess the importance of these resources within the ecosystem. Over 530 camera-trap days, nine mammal and three bird species were found to visit the salt licks, but only six mammals (two primates, one rodent and three ungulates) clearly engaged in geophagy. Visitation rate, encounter frequency and duration of visits diff ered between these species, as did grouping patt erns and daily timing of lick visits. Both primates and gaur spent prolonged periods of time at the salt licks, suggesting such sites are an important part of their ecology. Gaur and red muntjacs were found to be nocturnal salt lick visitors, which is atypical of their normal activity patt erns. Although the functional benefi ts of geophagy were not confi rmed by this study, the frequency and patt ern of use by a variety of Endangered and Vulnerable species demonstrates the signifi cance of the licks and highlights the need to focus conservation eff orts on their protection

No effect of the Trp64Arg β3-adrenoceptor gene variant on weight loss, body composition, or energy expenditure in obese, Caucasian postmenopausal women

The Trp64Arg polymorphism in the β3-adrenoceptor gene has been associated with increased prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and low rates of energy expenditure, although these findings are not unanimous. It is currently unknown if the presence of the Trp64Arg gene variant impedes the loss of body weight in obese, postmenopausal women via a reducing effect on energy expenditure. The objective of this study was to compare body composition and energy expenditure in carriers and noncarriers of the Trp64Arg variant in the β3-adrenoceptor before and after weight loss. We measured body composition, total daily energy expenditure (TEE), resting metabolic rate (RMR), physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE), thermic effect of feeding (TEF), and respiratory quotient (RQ) in 34 obese, postmenopausal women (19 carriers and 15 noncarriers for the Trp64Arg variant) before and after a weight loss intervention. There were no differences in body composition or daily energy expenditure and its components between the 2 groups at baseline. There were significant reductions in body mass, body mass index (BMI), percent body fat, fat-free mass, and fat mass (main effect, all P \u3c .0001) when analyzed with the 2 genotypes combined, but no significant differences between carriers and noncarriers with respect to change in these variables (group × time interaction term, all P \u3e .05). Total energy expenditure tended to be reduced (490 kJ.d-1, P = .13) in both groups following weight loss, but there was no significant group × time interaction term (P = .78), indicating no difference in the response of the 2 genotypes. There was a 9% reduction in RMR (611 kJ.d-1, P \u3c .001) when both groups were considered together, but no significant group × time interaction term (P = .84), suggesting that both groups responded in a similar manner to the weight loss intervention. PAEE and the TEF were not different following weight loss (both P \u3e .60). There was a trend for RQ to be reduced after weight loss (P = .07), but there was no difference between carriers or noncarriers of the Trp64Arg variant (P = .58). In summary, we found that obese postmenopausal women who carry the Trp64Arg variant in the β3-adrenoceptor had similar changes in body composition and energy expenditure to noncarriers of the variant in response to prolonged caloric restriction. These results suggest that the presence of the Trp64Arg variant in the β3-adrenoceptor should not be a hindrance to weight reduction. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved

Predictors of treatment response for cognitive behaviour therapy for prolonged grief disorder

Background: Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) causes significant impairment in approximately 7% of bereaved people. Although cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) has been shown to effectively treat PGD, there is a need to identify predictors of treatment non-response. Methods: PGD patients (N = 80) were randomly allocated to receive 10 weekly two-hour group CBT sessions and (a) four individual sessions of exposure therapy or (b) CBT without exposure. PGD was assessed by self-report measures at baseline, post-treatment (N = 61), and six-months (N = 56) after treatment. Results: Post-treatment assessments indicated that greater reduction in grief severity relative to pretreatment levels was associated with being in the CBT/Exposure condition, and lower baseline levels of self-blame and avoidance. At follow-up, greater grief symptom reduction was associated with being in the CBT/Exposure condition and lower levels of avoidance. Conclusions: These patterns suggest that strategies that target excessive self-blame and avoidance during treatment may enhance response to grief-focused cognitive behaviour therapy