Grazing Behaviour of Dairy Cows When Grazing Forage Rape in a Pasture-Based Automatic Milking System

Forage rape (Brassica napus L.) is a high producing, high nutritive value forage that has been successfully introduced as a grazable forage in conventional, intensified pasture-based dairy systems to fill autumn-winter feed gaps (Garcia et al. 2008). However, incorporation of forage rape as a grazing forage option for automatic milking systems (AMS), in which cows enter and exit grazing areas voluntarily, has not been investigated yet. We conducted an observational study to investigate the suitability of using forage rape in AMS and gain understanding of cow’s foraging behaviour when grazing this forage. The outcomes of this piece of work will help to determine management guidelines regarding incorporation of the crop into voluntary cow traffic systems

Increasing Feed Conversion Efficiency in Automatic Milking Systems: The Impact of Grain-Based Concentrate Allocation and Kikuyu (\u3cem\u3ePennisetum clandestinum\u3c/em\u3e) Pasture State on Kikuyu Pasture Digestibility

Automatic milking system (AMS) farms, rely upon voluntary cow traffic (the voluntary movement of cattle around a farm) for milk harvesting and feed consumption. Dairy cows on a pasture-based AMS farm typically move from depleted to fresh allocations of pasture in small groups, or individually, at differing times. The first cows moving to an allocation of fresh pasture get access to rapidly fermentable, ad libitum, high quality pasture in contrast to those cows accessing the same allocation towards the end of the access period. At the same time, grain-based concentrate (GBC) is allocated independent of the pasture state that cows access. Inclusion of a high level of GBC in the diet with high or low nutritive value forage, or variable states of forage, may create dramatic variations in rumen fluid pH, which may induce subacute ruminal acidosis (Bramley 2004), reduce feed conversion efficiency and negatively impact animal health. The aim of the current study was to determine the impact of pasture state and GBC allocation on the digestibility of kikuyu pasture

Increasing Feed Conversion Efficiency in Automatic Milking Systems: The Impact of Grain-Based Concentrate Allocation and Kikuyu (\u3cem\u3ePennisetum clandestinum\u3c/em\u3e) Pasture State on Milk Production

Pasture is typically offered to dairy cows in three allocations in pasture-based automatic milking systems (AMS). However, due to voluntary cow movement and distribution of milkings, some dairy cows access fresh pasture and other cows access depleted (stale) pasture. The first cows moving to an allocation of fresh pasture are offered ad-libitum, high quality pasture as opposed to cows arriving to the same allocation during the middle or end of the day accessing poorer quality, high fibre (neutral detergent fibre, NDF) pasture. In addition, grain-based concentrate (GBC) is allocated independently to this pasture state. The ability to increase feed conversion efficiency and AMS herd milk production by targetedGBC supplementation to cows accessing differing pasture states is unknown. Therefore, the aim of the current experiment was to determine the impact of pasture state and GBC allocation on dairy cow milk production

Esthetic Restorations and Smile Designing: A Review

In modern practice of dentistry, it is no longer acceptable to just repair, individual teeth. The public still regards teeth as an important part of chewing, but today the focus of many adults has shifted towards the esthetics. According to the survey, appearance of teeth is found to be more important to women than men. The level of aesthetic requirement has increased over the past decade, and this has made it necessary for dentist to explore the field in order to satisfy the existing demands in the field. Dental art does not occur automatically. The dentist must purposely and carefully incorporate it into the treatment plan. This artistry tries to soften the marks imposed upon the face of time and enables people to face their world with renewed enthusiasm and confidence. Research in the field of esthetic dentistry still continues

Recommendations for Managing Endodontic Emergencies During Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak: A Review

The management of endodontic emergencies has been particularly challenging during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak because of the possible generation of airborne particles and aerosols. The aim of this report was to contribute to the practice of endodontics by proposing a general protocol for the management of emergencies showing the rationale for remote diagnosis, clinical procedures, and the use of personal protective equipment and barriers at the dental office during the COVID-19 outbreak. A review of the literature was conducted up to May 2020 on relevant institutional sites, aiming to retrieve the best updated evidence. The reporting considered the Reporting Tool for Practice Guidelines in Health Care statement. Recommendations from Cochrane Oral Health, the American Dental Association, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were included along with the American Association of Endodontists resources and scientific articles that addressed the issue. According to this article the proposed protocol could contribute to the management of endodontic emergencies at the dental office during the COVID-19 outbreak

Thresholding Methods for Lesion Segmentation of Basal Cell Carcinoma in Dermoscopy Images

Purpose: Algorithms employed for pigmented lesion segmentation perform poorly on dermoscopy images of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the most common skin cancer. The main objective was to develop better methods for BCC segmentation. Methods: Fifteen thresholding methods were implemented for BCC lesion segmentation. We propose two error metrics that better measure the type II error: Relative XOR Error and Lesion Capture Ratio. Results: On training/test sets of 305 and 34 BCC images, respectively, five new techniques outperform two state-of-the-art methods used in segmentation of melanomas, based on the new error metrics. Conclusion: The proposed algorithms, which include solutions for image vignetting correction and border expansion to achieve dermatologist-like borders, provide more inclusive and feature-preserving border detection, favoring better BCC classification accuracy, in future work