In-vitro activity of cefotetan and other cephalosporins on Klebsiella and resistance to inactivating bacterial enzymes

The effect of cefotetan on different clinical isolates of Klebsiella has been compared to that of other cephalosporins. The post-antibiotic effect and the effect of pulse-dosing of cefotetan were also tested by an original method whereby the antibiotic was removed with an ion-exchange resin. Finally, the resistance of cefotetan to inactivating enzymes of bacterial origin has been compared with that of other cephalosporins

Prevalence of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an Italian hospital

Summary: The severity and extent of disease caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) varies by the population(s) affected and the institution(s) at which these organisms are found; therefore, preventing and controlling MDROs are extremely important.A retrospective study of patients who were infected with Acinetobacter baumannii or Pseudomonas aeruginosa was performed at the Spedali Civili Hospital in Brescia, Italy, from 2007 to 2010.A total of 167 (0.52%) A. baumannii isolates and 2797 P. aeruginosa (8.7%) isolates were identified among 31,850 isolates.Amikacin and colistin were the most active agents against A. baumannii strains. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 57 isolates (54%). Most MDR isolates (42 out of 57, 73%) were resistant to four classes of antibiotics.P. aeruginosa was recovered more frequently from the respiratory tract, followed by the skin/soft tissue, urine and blood.Colistin, amikacin and piperacillin/tazobactam were active against 100%, 86% and 75% of P. aeruginosa isolates, respectively. A total of 20% (n = 316) of P. aeruginosa isolates were MDR. In summary, A. baumannii was more rare than P. aeruginosa but was more commonly MDR.Epidemiological data will help to implement better infection control strategies, and developing a local antibiogram database will improve the knowledge of antimicrobial resistance patterns in our region. Keywords: P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, Antibiotic resistance, Infection, Antibiotic

Prevalence of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an Italian hospital

The severity and extent of disease caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) varies by the population(s) affected and the institution(s) at which these organisms are found; therefore, preventing and controlling MDROs are extremely important. A retrospective study of patients who were infected with Acinetobacter baumannii or Pseudomonas aeruginosa was performed at the Spedali Civili Hospital in Brescia, Italy, from 2007 to 2010. A total of 167 (0.52%) A. baumannii isolates and 2797 P. aeruginosa (8.7%) isolates were identified among 31,850 isolates. Amikacin and colistin were the most active agents against A. baumannii strains. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 57 isolates (54%). Most MDR isolates (42 out of 57, 73%) were resistant to four classes of antibiotics. P. aeruginosa was recovered more frequently from the respiratory tract, followed by the skin/soft tissue, urine and blood. Colistin, amikacin and piperacillin/tazobactam were active against 100%, 86% and 75% of P. aeruginosa isolates, respectively. A total of 20% (n = 316) of P. aeruginosa isolates were MDR. In summary, A. baumannii was more rare than P. aeruginosa but was more commonly MDR. Epidemiological data will help to implement better infection control strategies, and developing a local antibiogram database will improve the knowledge of antimicrobial resistance patterns in our region. (C) 2013 King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Molecular epidemiology of Clostridium difficile strains from nosocomial-acquired infections

The purpose of this study is to analyze isolates of Clostridium difficile from patients with nosocomial acquired infection in respect to their molecular type and antimicrobial susceptibility. Fifty-nine randomly selected clinical isolates were characterized. Molecular typing was performed by rep-PCR (DiversiLab). Isolates were tested by disk diffusion towards 11 different antibiotics. All isolates were susceptible to metronidazole and vancomycin. Fifty five (93 %) isolates were resistant to erythromycin and fifty six (95 %) exhibited resistance to both clindamycin and moxifloxacin. Twenty rep-PCR types were identified, but most clinical isolates formed four major rep-PCR clusters (A(1) 24/59, 40 %; A(2) 20/59, 33 %; A(3) 5/59, 8 %; A(4) 3/59, 5 %). These results show high genetic variability, which demonstrate clearly the complexity of the strains of C. difficile and also show an increasing rate of resistance to fluoroquinolones in our region emphasizing the importance of implementing surveillance programs in order to prevent further spread of resistance in C. difficile