Effectiveness of Superconducting Fault Current Limiting Transformers in Power Systems

Superconducting devices have emerged in many applications during the last few decades. They offer many advantages, including high efficiency, compact size, and superior performance. However, the main drawback of these devices is the high cost. An option to reduce the high cost and improve the cost-benefit ratio is to integrate two functions into one device. This paper presents the superconducting fault current limiting transformer (SFCLT) as a superior alternative to normal power transformers. The transformer has superconducting windings and also provides fault current limiting capability to reduce high fault currents. The SFCLT is tested in two power system models: A 7 bus wind farm-based model simulated in PSCAD and on the 80 bus simplified Australian power system model simulated in real-Time digital simulator. Various conditions were studied to investigate the effectiveness of the fault current limiting transformer

Performance Testing of Diesel Engine using Cardanol-Kerosene oil blend

Awareness of environmental pollution and fossil fuel depletion has necessitated the use of biofuels in engines which have a relatively cleaner emissions. Cardanol is a biofuel, abundantly available in India, which is a by-product of cashew processing industries. In this study performance of raw Cardanol blended with kerosene has been tested in diesel engine. Volumetric blend BK30 (30% kerosene and 70% Cardanol) has been used for the test. The properties like flash point, viscosity and calorific value of the blend have been determined. The test was carried out in four stroke diesel engine connected with an eddy current dynamometer. Performance of the engine has been analysed by finding the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE). The results showed that the brake thermal efficiency of the blend is 29.87%, with less CO and smoke emission compared to diesel. The results were also compared with the performance of Cardanol diesel blend and Cardanol camphor oil blend, which were already tested in diesel engines by other researchers. Earlier research work reveals that the blend of 30% camphor oil and 70% Cardanol performs very closer to diesel fuel with a thermal efficiency of 29.1%. Similarly, higher brake thermal efficiency was obtained for 20% Cardanol and 80% diesel blend

Performance Testing of Diesel Engine using Cardanol-Kerosene oil blend

Awareness of environmental pollution and fossil fuel depletion has necessitated the use of biofuels in engines which have a relatively cleaner emissions. Cardanol is a biofuel, abundantly available in India, which is a by-product of cashew processing industries. In this study performance of raw Cardanol blended with kerosene has been tested in diesel engine. Volumetric blend BK30 (30% kerosene and 70% Cardanol) has been used for the test. The properties like flash point, viscosity and calorific value of the blend have been determined. The test was carried out in four stroke diesel engine connected with an eddy current dynamometer. Performance of the engine has been analysed by finding the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE). The results showed that the brake thermal efficiency of the blend is 29.87%, with less CO and smoke emission compared to diesel. The results were also compared with the performance of Cardanol diesel blend and Cardanol camphor oil blend, which were already tested in diesel engines by other researchers. Earlier research work reveals that the blend of 30% camphor oil and 70% Cardanol performs very closer to diesel fuel with a thermal efficiency of 29.1%. Similarly, higher brake thermal efficiency was obtained for 20% Cardanol and 80% diesel blend

Voltage Stability Preserving Invariants for Smart Grids

Voltage stability analysis is essential in any power system. This paper addresses the voltage stability in a typical smart grid type system with multiple independent entities. A typical smart grid operation involves various loading excursions (changes in power, both generated and consumed) undertaken by all these independent entities. For a smooth functioning of any generic smart grid type system, correct behavior of all these independent entities must be preserved when one or more of these entities are subjected to various loading levels. Correct behavior of all the entities (sub-systems) will ensure correct behavior of the overall system (smart grid). Invariants, if forced to be true, ensure correct behavior on a subsystem level and thus preserve the overall system correctness. An invariant is a logical predicate on a system state that should not change its truth value if satisfied by system execution [1]. This paper derives an invariant that preserves voltage stability. This invariant is based on an online indicator which is derived from fundamental Kirchhoff s laws and will predict the proximity of voltage collapse at one or more entities in a smart grid. The efficiency of the invariant in predicting voltage collapse has been verified with simulations performed on a typical seven node smart grid system. Thus an online monitoring of the system parameters gives an indication of the system voltage stability. The voltage stability invariant works for both static and dynamic states. This method is also a fast and powerful tool to predict the voltage stability margin of a generic smart grid system by a simple monitoring of the system parameters

Evaluation of Cocos nucifera and Sesamum indicum in comparison with Chlorhexidine on gingivitis - A double blind Clinico-Immunological study

Background: Myriad of synthetic products has been used in chemical plaque control. There is a constant search for cost effective herbal products with minimal adverse effect to substitute synthetic compounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of Cocos nucifera and Sesamum indicum and compare their effect with commercially available chlorhexidine on gingivitis. Methods: In this double blind, randomized, control clinical trial, a total of 45 samples from patients aged between 18 to 35 years reporting to the institution, diagnosed with gingivitis were selected and randomly divided into Group-A (Scaling + Cocos Nucifera mouthwash), Group-B (Scaling + Sesamum Indicum mouthwash) and Group C (Scaling + Chlorhexidine mouthwash). Clinical (Plaque index, Gingival index and Sulcus bleeding index), and Immunological (Interleukin-6) parameters were assessed at baseline and 45th day following scaling. Saliva samples were collected and stored at -200C till they were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis. Inferential statistics done were analysis of variance, paired t test, post hock Scheffe test and Chi- square test by using SPSS software (22.0). Results: In Clinical parameters, group B (p˂0.001) showed statistical significant reduction compared to group A and group C.  In Immunological parameter group A (p˂0.001) showed statistical significant reduction in Interleukin-6 compared to group B and group C (p=0.126 & p=0.196 respectively). Conclusion: Cocos nucifera and Sesamum indicum mouth washes effectively decreased plaque formation and could be used as an adjunct to scaling in treating plaque induced gingivitis.&nbsp

Evaluation of correlation of oxygen desaturation with bode index in stable COPD patients

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is the world's third leading cause of death, accounting for 3.23 million deaths in 20191. It is the second major cause of death in India and affects an estimated 53 million people 1. BODE INDEX is multivariable grading system that estimates severity of respiratory and systemic components of COPD patients and was designed to predict quality of life in COPD patients. The four variables BMI (B), FEV1% predicted (O), Dyspnoea (D) as measured by MMRC, Exercise capacity (E) as measured by the six-minute–walk test. In stable COPD patients desaturation upon exertion is a major factor which can be used as a predictor of QOL (quality of life) , future exacerbations, severity  of the disease etc. The current study is focussed upon estimation of COPD prevalence by clinical severity stages as measured by BODE index and the correlation between exercise induced desaturation and various quartiles of  BODE INDEX in stable COPD patients

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Not AvailableA 60 days experimental trial was conducted to study the effect of different diets on growth and survival of near threatened species, Notopterus chitala fry. A total of 450 numbers of fry (0.88 ± 0.01 g) were randomly stocked in 6 treatments in triplicates. The experimental fishes were fed with various live feeds viz., live Tubifex (TF), un-enriched Artemia (UA), enriched Artemia (EA), un-enriched Moina (UM), enriched Moina (EM) and commercial feed (CF). Live feed based treatments showed significantly higher growth rate, digestive enzyme activity and survival than commercial feed. Among the live feeds, enriched live feeds contributed better growth performance with the highest average body weight (4.59 ± 0.17 g) and survival (72.66 ± 2.90%) observed in enriched Artemia fed fishes. The digestive enzyme analysis revealed that there was no significant difference in the intestinal amylase activity among the treatment groups whereas, the highest protease (4.22 ± 0.16 U mg protein−1 min−1) and lipase activity (1.13 ± 0.02 U mg protein−1 min−1) was observed in EM fed treatment group. The reduced level of SOD, catalase, AST and ALT activity was recorded in liver tissue of EA and EM fed group which indicates a lower level of stress in experimental fishes when fed with enriched diet. The study found that the enriched live feed is having a positive impact on growth and survival as compared to its un-enriched counterpart and further Artemia is the most preferred live feed for N. chitala fry.Not Availabl

Effect of hesperetin on the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol succinate in rats

Abstract Background Metoprolol is a substrate of CYP3A4, 2B6, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and p-glycoprotein (p-gp). Hesperetin was reported as an inhibitor of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzymes and p-gp. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of hesperetin on the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol in rats and in vitro models. In in vivo studies, male Wistar rats were treated with metoprolol (30 mg/kg) once a day for 15 consecutive days alone and in combination with hesperetin (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg). Blood samples were withdrawn from the tail vein on the 1st day in the single-dose pharmacokinetic study and on the 15th day in the repeated-dose pharmacokinetic study. In in vitro studies, metoprolol was incubated in the presence or absence of hesperetin and traditional p-gp inhibitors using rat-everted gut sacs. Reverse phase-high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was used to determine the amounts of metoprolol in the plasma and incubated samples (RP-HPLC). Results The C max, AUC, and half-life (t 1/2) of metoprolol significantly increased by twofold compared to the metoprolol group in rats pre-treated with hesperetin. The clearance and volume of distribution both decreased significantly. Metoprolol transport was dramatically increased in the presence of hesperetin and quinidine (standard p-gp inhibitor) in in vitro study. Conclusion The present study results revealed that hesperetin significantly increased the absorption of metoprolol in rats and everted gut sacs in vitro might be due to the inhibition of CYP and p-gp

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Dryland Technologies at Farmers Doorstep- A Realine at Baichenahalli, Tumakuru District

Not AvailableDryland Technologies at Farmers Doorstep- A Realine at Baichenahalli, Tumakuru DistrictNot Availabl