Effective Utilization and Conversion of Spent Distillery Liquid to Valuable Products Using an Intensified Technology of Two-stage Biological Sequestration

The potential of Cladosporium cladosporioides and Phormidium valdernium in treating spent distillery liquid in a two-stage sequential step was investigated. During the batch experiment, a maximum decolourisation of 68.5 % and 81.37 % COD reduction was achieved in the first-stage bioreactor. Further, the spent wash from bioreactor was treated with cyanobacteria in the second stage and resulted in COD reduction (3,652 mg L–1) of 89.5 % and 92.7 % decolorization, respectively. Biodegradation was confirmed using HPLC analysis, and the products released during the degradation in the two stages were identified using GC-MS analysis, and found to be 2-octenyl acetate, 1,6-heptadiene from the fungi and oxotetrahydrofuran, hexadecane from cyanobacteria which in turn reveals the fact that the sequential treatment was through the mechanism of biodegradation and not by adsorption. The results imply that sequential treatment using the combination of fungi and cyanobacteria resulted in better degradation and decolourisation for the distillery spent wash

Prediction of Leaf Diseases by using Machine Learning Techniques-A New Approach to Applied Informatics

Applied Informatics is a new emerging field which encompasses information technology and other areas of science. Many Automatic detection of a plant disease is proving their benefits in more fields of plant leaves. Proposed work focus on using machine learning techniques with multilayer Perceptron and simple K-Means algorithm for predicting sugarcane leaf disease by using Weka tool and the obtained results are promising

Estimation and Testing in Type I Generalized Half Logistic Distribution

A generalization of the half logistic distribution is developed through exponentiation of its cumulative distribution function and termed the Type I Generalized Half Logistic Distribution (GHLD). GHLD’s distributional characteristics and parameter estimation using maximum likelihood and modified maximum likelihood methods are presented with comparisons. Comparison of Type I GHLD and the exponential distribution is conducted via likelihood ratio criterion

Association of telomere shortening with impaired glucose tolerance and diabetic macroangiopathy

Objective: Shortening of telomere length has been reported in several conditions including Type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. The aims of this study were (1) to assess whether telomere shortening occurs at the stage of pre-diabetes, i.e., impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and (2) whether telomere shortening was greater in Type 2 diabetic subjects with atherosclerotic plaques. Methods: Subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (n = 30), non-diabetic control subjects (n = 30), Type 2 diabetic patients without (n = 30) and with atherosclerotic plaques (n = 30) were selected from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES), an ongoing epidemiological population-based study. Southern-blot analysis was used to determine mean terminal restriction fragment (TRF) length, a measure of average telomere size, in leukocyte DNA. Levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyl content (PCO) and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured by standard methodologies. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was assessed by high resolution B-mode ultrasonography. Results: The mean (±S.E.) TRF lengths were significantly lower in IGT subjects (6.97 ± 0.3 kb; p = 0.002) and lower still in Type 2 diabetic subjects without plaques (6.21 ± 0.2; p = 0.0001) and lowest in Type 2 diabetic subjects with atherosclerotic plaques (5.39 ± 0.2; p = 0.0001) when compared to control subjects (8.7 ± 0.5). In IGT subjects, TRF length was positively correlated to HDL cholesterol and negatively correlated to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), TBARS, PCO, HOMA-IR and IMT. In multiple linear regression analysis, presence of diabetes, HDL cholesterol and increased TBARS levels appear as significant determinants of telomere shortening. Conclusion: Telomere shortening is seen even at the stage of IGT. Among subjects with Type 2 diabetes, those with atherosclerotic plaques had greater shortening of telomere length compared to those without plaques

AN LC- MS/MS METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF OMEPRAZOLE ON PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR IN HUMAN PLASMA

A sensitive and selective liquid chromatographic method coupled with tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) was developed for the quantification of omeprazole in human plasma. Lansoprazole was used as internal standard with plasma samples, extracted using 10mM ammonium acetate. A centrifuged upper layer was then evaporated and reconstituted with Acetonitrile: mobile phase buffer 70:30%v/v. The reconstructed samples were injected into a C18 column purospher star 5µ. The mobile phase was composed of ACN: mobile phase buffer (5mm ammonium bicarbonate buffer) in the ratio of 70:30%v/v with flow rate 1.0mL/min. The mass spectrometer was operated using positive ion mode and turbo electro spray ionisation. Nitrogen was used as the nebulizer, curtain, collision and auxiliary gases. Using MS/MS with multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode, omeprazole was detected without severe interferences from plasma matrix. Detection of omeprazole in human plasma was accurate and precision. This method has been successfully applied to the study of omeprazole in human specimensKeywords: Proton pump inhibitor, omeprazole, lansoprazole, LC-MS/MS, liquid liquid  extractio