WOMEN SAFETY DEVICE

Women safety has always been an issue even in these modern times with so much advancement in technology. Women are not safe anywhere and are most vulnerable when travelling alone into lonely roads and deserted places. Existing hand held safety devices for women have many disadvantages as they require a software application to be connected with and also should be connected with Bluetooth . So to overcome these disadvantages we propose a solution which will try to overcome the disadvantages of the existing systems and also aim at providing true proof safety to women. The proposed work aims at designing an IoT based safety device that relies on providing security to women by connecting GPS and GSM to locate place and alert message is send to registered numbers when a women is not safe. When there is unsafe situation women can press push button of the device which sends alert message with location automatically to the registered number

Water Use and Dairy Production System: An Indian Experience

Increasing water scarcity and simultaneously growing demands for food and feed challenge agricultural production. Globally livestock feed sourcing is one of the major causes for water depletion; therefore, increasing livestock water use efficiency (LWUE) is necessary. There is a need to synthesise LWUE knowledge generated across different forage based livestock production systems (FLPS) over time and systematically identify entry points to enhance productive uses of freshwater resources. Although these systems vary by their degree of intensification, scale of water-related problems, and therefore in their values of LWUE, a number of common entry points to increase LWUE can be identified. To understand the pattern of livestock water use and social dynamics involved in water use and milk production, around 240 small and medium dairy farms in Karnataka, India, were used for the present study. Direct and indirect consumptive uses of water by animals considered were water used for drinking, water inputs through green and dry fodder, consumptive water usage for on-farm servicing and crop irrigation and water inputs through all upstream inputs such as medicines, vaccines and others. Water use efficiency (WUE) for production of milk alone is operationally defined in this study

Elucidating Mycotoxin-Producing Aspergillus Species in River Water: An Advanced Molecular Diagnostic Study for the Assessment of Ecological Health and Contamination Risk

The primary goal of this research is to isolate mycotoxin-producing fungus from the Nagavali River. Examining isolated fungi involved analyzing their mycelium growth on culture media and detailed microscopic inspection. We employed PCR analysis utilizing universal primers ITS1 and ITS4 to accurately identify the species. Furthermore, we sequenced the amplified ITS region and rigorously analyzed the sequences using NCBI-BLASTn and the ITS2 database. The analysis found a high 96.38% genetic similarity to the Aspergillus flavus strain, resulting in a 600-base pair fragment size. The sequence was given the accession number OR536222 in the NCBI GenBank database. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to ascertain the particular strain of A. flavus and its source. Remarkably, this analysis led to the identification of a single new strain gene, which represents a novel discovery in the field of fungal research. These results underscore the vital significance of molecular techniques in promptly and precisely identifying organisms. This research enhances our understanding of mycotoxin contamination in water, providing valuable insights to improve detection and prevention strategies. It accentuates the overarching importance of conserving our water resources and upholding ecological equilibrium, ultimately safeguarding the well-being of both humanity and the environment

Viskoznost – jednostavni kriterij pri konstruiranju kalupa za injekcijsko prešanje plastomera

Plastomeri se odlikuju ogromnim brojem varijacija različitih svojstava. Relativno se mali broj tih materijala injekcijski prešaa. Rad se bavi problemom predlaganja kriterija konstruiranja kalupa koji su neizvjesni za određenu kombinaciju svojstava materijala, specifi kaciju stroja i karakteristike kalupljenja. Imperativno obuhvaćajući njihove odnose ponašanja izveden je jedinstveni analitički konstrukcijski kriterij izravno iz prvih načela; shvaćajući uljevni sustav (e. injection conduit) prema kapilarnoj cijevi; kao i poznavajući generaliziran Newtonov koncept za plastomerne taljevine opisan reološkim zakonom potencija.. Budući da je jednostavan, predloženi kriterij se lako prihvaća u samoj ranoj fazi konstrukcije kalupa i obuhvaća puni raspon plastomernih in-situ stanja. Stoga se svaki plastomer može injekcijski prešati samo ako su odgovarajući dobavni sustav zavisno konstruiran. Kako bi se razjasnila ta činjenica primijenila se hipotetička intervencija kako bi se stalno senzibilizirali svi plastomeri. Pri tome jasno objašnjavajući zašto odgovor kalupne šupljine na tečenje taljevine nikada ne može biti ispravljen, čak i nakon velikog broja promjene parametara procesa. Na kraju, rad se proširuje na ono što se prije smatralo linearnim odnosom veličine dobavnog voda uljevnog kanala prema in-situ stanju taljevine uspoređujući izravnu eksponencijalnu proporcionalnost s diskretnim nagibom i visinom za svako ponašanje plastomera.Thermoplastics are available in abundance with immense properties variations, but only few are processed by injection moulding. So this manuscript deals with this issue by proposing a design criteria contingent to a particular combination of material properties, machine specifi cations and moulding features. Pertinently embracing their behavioural relationships a unique analytical design criterion was deduced directly from fi rst principles. Comprehending injection conduit to an analogous capillary tube; as well as cognising generalized Newtonian concept for thermoplastic melts with power-law description of in-situ rheological behaviour. The proposed criterion being simple and generic easily adapts in early mould design itself and comprehends entire range of thermoplastic in-situates. Hereafter any thermoplastics could be injection moulded by contingently designing an exclusive mould feed system for it. This percipience was elucidated by continuously sensitising a hypothetical intervene across all thermoplastics while explicitly appraising, why melt kinesis lacunae can never be fully rectifi ed, despite manipulating process parameters many times? Finally, the manuscript extends hereto-believed linear relationship between runner-conduit size and in-situ melt state to direct exponential proportionality with discrete slope and altitude for each thermoplastic behaviour

Topology Optimisation of A Two Point Load case Continuum Structure using Firefly Algorithm - IV

Topology optimization is a relatively new and emerging area of research in the field ofstructural engineering. The idea is to determine the optimum distribution of material in thegiven design domain and not to focus on shape or correcting the dimensions of initialdesigns. Metaheuristics are widely used in the field of optimization of continuum structures.Firefly algorithm proposed by Xin-She Yang is considered as one of the best performingalgorithms which require fewer iterations to converge. This paper is a series of ongoingresearch work in structural optimization using firefly algorithm. The focus of this paper is tooptimize a two point load case problem one of the complex in the field of optimizationinvolving several degrees of freedom. An attempt has been made to verify the distribution ofmaterial and the convergence of the firefly algorithm. The analysis shows that the algorithmis very effective to determine the distribution of material and the final distribution is a nearapproximation of the theoretical distribution

Newer Classification System for Fissured Tongue: An Epidemiological Approach

Introduction. Fissured tongue is a commonly encountered tongue disorder in dental practice. But there is a lack of data on different pattern, severity, and association of fissuring with various systemic disorders and other tongue anomalies. This study attempts to establish a classification system for fissured tongue and to know the correlation with the systemic health and other disorders of the tongue. Materials and Methods. A total of 1000 subjects between the age groups of 10 and 80 years were included in the study. Pattern of fissuring, allied systemic diseases, and related tongue anomalies were tabulated. Results. Out of 1000 subjects, 387 subjects presented with fissured tongue. Out of 387 subjects, hypertension was present in 57 cases, 18 subjects had diabetes, and 3 subjects had both hypertension and diabetes. Central longitudinal type was found to be the most common type of tongue fissuring. Conclusion. Fissured tongue has been found to be associated with certain systemic disease and further researches are required to know positive correlation. If a correlation exists, such disorders could be diagnosed earlier by identifying fissured tongue at an earlier age

HPLC-LIF for early detection of oral cancer

At present, the diagnosis of many cancers relies on the subjective interpretation of morphological changes in biopsy samples. This usually provides only late diagnosis. Early detection, which can provide more successful therapy, is expected to be possible by identification of tumour markers in physiological samples. Immunoassay used at present for this purpose has several drawbacks. It is applicable only for known markers, can usually detect only one marker at a time, and may also fail to detect a marker when there exist conditions, which may mask or prevent the interaction between antigen and the antibody. We have developed a high performance liquid chromatography- laser induced fluorescence (HPLC-LIF) technique to detect and record simultaneously spectra and chromatograms of physiological samples, which will enable the detection of multiple 'markers' in a single physiological sample in a short time. Samples of saliva and serum from normal and oral cancer subjects have been studied with the set up. The present studies show that body fluids like saliva and serum of normal, premalignant and malignant subjects have substantially different protein profiles. By simultaneous recording of the chromatographic peaks and corresponding fluorescence spectra, it is possible to carry out unambiguous discrimination between normal, premalignant and malignant cases even when markers are present in femto/subfemtomole quantities, which should assist in early diagnosis of neoplasia

Cloud vertical structure over a tropical station obtained using long-term high-resolution radiosonde measurements

Cloud vertical structure, including top and base altitudes, thickness of cloud layers, and the vertical distribution of multilayer clouds, affects large-scale atmosphere circulation by altering gradients in the total diabatic heating and cooling and latent heat release. In this study, long-term (11 years) observations of high-vertical-resolution radiosondes are used to obtain the cloud vertical structure over a tropical station at Gadanki (13.5°&thinsp;N, 79.2°&thinsp;E), India. The detected cloud layers are verified with independent observations using cloud particle sensor (CPS) sonde launched from the same station. High-level clouds account for 69.05&thinsp;%, 58.49&thinsp;%, 55.5&thinsp;%, and 58.6&thinsp;% of all clouds during the pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon, and winter seasons, respectively. The average cloud base (cloud top) altitudes for low-level, middle-level, high-level, and deep convective clouds are 1.74&thinsp;km (3.16&thinsp;km), 3.59&thinsp;km (5.55&thinsp;km), 8.79&thinsp;km (10.49&thinsp;km), and 1.22&thinsp;km (11.45&thinsp;km), respectively. Single-layer, two-layer, and three-layer clouds account for 40.80&thinsp;%, 30.71&thinsp;%, and 19.68&thinsp;% of all cloud configurations, respectively. Multilayer clouds occurred more frequently during the monsoon with 34.58&thinsp;%. Maximum cloud top altitude and cloud thickness occurred during the monsoon season for single-layer clouds and the uppermost layer of multiple-layer cloud configurations. In multilayer cloud configurations, diurnal variations in the thickness of upper-layer clouds are larger than those of lower-layer clouds. Heating and cooling in the troposphere and lower stratosphere due to these cloud layers are also investigated and peak cooling (peak warming) is found below (above) the cold-point tropopause (CPT) altitude. The magnitude of cooling (warming) increases from single-layer to four- or more-layer cloud occurrence. Further, the vertical structure of clouds is also studied with respect to the arrival date of the Indian summer monsoon over Gadanki.</p

Phytochemical Characterization, Antioxidant and Anti-Proliferative Properties of Rubia cordifolia L. Extracts Prepared with Improved Extraction Conditions

none11sìRubia cordifolia L. (Rubiaceae) is an important plant in Indian and Chinese medical systems. Extracts prepared from the root, stem and leaf have been used traditionally for the management of various diseases. Some of the known effects are anti-inflammation, neuroprotection, anti-proliferation, immunomodulation and anti-tumor. A comparative account of the extracts derived from different organs that lead to the identification of the most suitable solvent is lacking. We explored the presence of phytochemicals, antioxidant activity and anti-proliferative properties of a variety of solvent-based extracts of root, and methanol extracts of stem and leaf of R. cordifolia L. The antioxidant potential was determined by DPPH, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide and total antioxidant assays. The anti-proliferative nature was evaluated by MTT assay on HeLa, ME-180 and HepG2 cells. The composition of the extracts was determined by UPLC-UV-MS. We found that the root extracts had the presence of higher amounts of antioxidants over the stem and leaf extracts. The root extracts prepared in methanol exhibited the highest cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. The main compounds identified through UPLC-UV-MS of the methanol extract give credibility to the previous results. Our comprehensive study corroborates the preference given to the root over the stem and leaf for extract preparation. In conclusion, we identified the methanol extract of the root to be the most suited to have bioactivity with anti-cancer potential.Humbare, Ravikiran B; Sarkar, Joyita; Kulkarni, Anjali A; Juwale, Mugdha G; Deshmukh, Sushil H; Amalnerkar, Dinesh; Chaskar, Manohar; Albertini, Maria C; Rocchi, Marco B L; Kamble, Swapnil C; Ramakrishna, SeeramHumbare, Ravikiran B; Sarkar, Joyita; Kulkarni, Anjali A; Juwale, Mugdha G; Deshmukh, Sushil H; Amalnerkar, Dinesh; Chaskar, Manohar; Albertini, Maria C; Rocchi, Marco B L; Kamble, Swapnil C; Ramakrishna, Seera

Contact heat evoked potentials using simultaneous EEG and fMRI and their correlation with evoked pain

BACKGROUND: The Contact Heat Evoked Potential Stimulator (CHEPS) utilises rapidly delivered heat pulses with adjustable peak temperatures to stimulate the differential warm/heat thresholds of receptors expressed by Adelta and C fibres. The resulting evoked potentials can be recorded and measured, providing a useful clinical tool for the study of thermal and nociceptive pathways. Concurrent recording of contact heat evoked potentials using electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has not previously been reported with CHEPS. Developing simultaneous EEG and fMRI with CHEPS is highly desirable, as it provides an opportunity to exploit the high temporal resolution of EEG and the high spatial resolution of fMRI to study the reaction of the human brain to thermal and nociceptive stimuli. METHODS: In this study we have recorded evoked potentials stimulated by 51° C contact heat pulses from CHEPS using EEG, under normal conditions (baseline), and during continuous and simultaneous acquisition of fMRI images in ten healthy volunteers, during two sessions. The pain evoked by CHEPS was recorded on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). RESULTS: Analysis of EEG data revealed that the latencies and amplitudes of evoked potentials recorded during continuous fMRI did not differ significantly from baseline recordings. fMRI results were consistent with previous thermal pain studies, and showed Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) changes in the insula, post-central gyrus, supplementary motor area (SMA), middle cingulate cortex and pre-central gyrus. There was a significant positive correlation between the evoked potential amplitude (EEG) and the psychophysical perception of pain on the VAS. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of recording contact heat evoked potentials with EEG during continuous and simultaneous fMRI. The combined use of the two methods can lead to identification of distinct patterns of brain activity indicative of pain and pro-nociceptive sensitisation in healthy subjects and chronic pain patients. Further studies are required for the technique to progress as a useful tool in clinical trials of novel analgesics