Observations of transient high temperature vortical microstructures in solids during adiabatic shear banding

By using a unique infrared high-speed camera especially constructed for recording highly transient temperature fields at the microscale, we are able to reveal the spatial and temporal microstructure within dynamically growing shear bands in metals. It is found that this structure is highly nonuniform and possesses a transient, short range periodicity in the direction of shear band growth in the form of an array of intense "hot spots" reminiscent of the well-known, shear-induced hydrodynamic instabilities in fluids. This is contrary to the prevailing classical view that describes the deformations and the temperatures within shear bands as being essentially one-dimensional fields. These observations are also reminiscent of the nonuniform structure of localized shear regions believed to exist, at an entirely different length scale, in the earth's lower crust and upper mantle

Traditions of Mupoosai (Sacrificial) Worship

The adage is that one should not live in a town where there is no temple. But it is not only that there are no places today that do not have a temple; there are temples even in uninhabited towns. The human mind is like a weak vine. It cannot stand upright. Therefore, it has become a tradition since then for a man to climb on the back of the worship of God. Those who have died in the family or clan, those who have been killed, spirits, elders, virgins, etc., as well as trees, stones, weapons, etc., are worshipped as deities. The Devendra Kula Vellalar community lives in Alathudayanpatti village in the Thuraiyur taluk of Tiruchirappalli district. The place is situated on the way from Thuraiyur to Puliyancholai. People of all communities live in this village. The place is rich in natural fields, two irrigation tanks, and temples of worship. The purpose of the article is to highlight that in the Muniyappan Temple, one of the temples of such worship, the Mupoosai (Worship by offering black hens, goats, and pigs) worship is traditionally celebrated once in five years

Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Effect of Epidermal Growth Factor on Cell-Cell Adhesion in Epithelial Cell Clusters

The effect that growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) have on cell-cell adhesion is of interest in the study of cellular processes such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Because cell-cell adhesions cannot be measured directly, we use three-dimensional traction force microscopy to measure the tractions applied by clusters of MCF-10A cells to a compliant substrate beneath them before and after stimulating the cells with EGF. To better interpret the results, a finite element model, which simulates a cluster of individual cells adhered to one another and to the substrate with linear springs, is developed to better understand the mechanical interaction between the cells in the experiments. The experiments and simulations show that the cluster of cells acts collectively as a single unit, indicating that cell-cell adhesion remains strong before and after stimulation with EGF. In addition, the experiments and model emphasize the importance of three-dimensional measurements and analysis in these experiments

Million frames per second infrared imaging system

An infrared imaging system has been developed for measuring the temperature increase during the dynamic deformation of materials. The system consists of an 8×8 HgCdTe focal plane array, each with its own preamplifier. Outputs from the 64 detector/preamplifiers are digitized using a row-parallel scheme. In this approach, all 64 signals are simultaneously acquired and held using a bank of track and hold amplifiers. An array of eight 8:1 multiplexers then routes the signals to eight 10 MHz digitizers, acquiring data from each row of detectors in parallel. The maximum rate is one million frames per second. A fully reflective lens system was developed, consisting of two Schwarszchild objectives operating at infinite conjugation ratio. The ratio of the focal lengths of the objectives determines the lens magnification. The system has been used to image the distribution of temperature rise near the tip of a notch in a high strength steel sample (C-300) subjected to impact loading by a drop weight testing machine. The results show temperature rises at the crack tip up to around 70 K. Localization of temperature, and hence, of deformation into "U" shaped zones emanating from the notch tip is clearly seen, as is the onset of crack propagation

QUORUM SENSING BASED BACTERIAL SWARM OPTIMIZATION ON TEST BENCHMARK FUNCTIONS

The Bacterial swarm optimization is one of the latest optimization technique mainly inspired from the swarm of bacteria. This paper introduces an intelligent Quorum sensing based Bacterial Swarm Optimization (QBSO) technique for testing and validation. The quorum sensing senses the best position of the bacteria by knowing the worst place in search space. By knowing these positions, the best optimal solution is attained. Here in this proposed QBSO algorithm the exploration capability of the bacteria is well improved. The proposed technique is validated on the seven standard benchmark with unimodal and multimodal test function for its feasibility and optimality. The basic swarm based optimization algorithms such as Particle Swarm Optimization, Ant Colony Optimization, Biogeography Based Optimization, Simulated Bee Colony and conventional Bacterial Swarm Optimization with the standard parameters are simulated and associated with the proposed technique. The attained results evidently indicate that the proposed method outperforms from the considered optimization methods. Further, the proposed technique may apply to any engineering problems, especially for complex real time optimization problems

Analyzing the Impact of Genetic Parameters on Gene Grouping Genetic Algorithm and Clustering Genetic Algorithm

Genetic Algorithms are stochastic randomized procedures used to solve search and optimization problems. Many multi-population and multi-objective Genetic Algorithms are introduced by researchers to achieve improved performance. Gene Grouping Genetic Algorithm (GGGA) and Clustering Genetic Algorithm (CGA) are of such kinds which are proved to perform better than Standard Genetic Algorithm (SGA). This paper compares the performance of both these algorithms by varying the genetic parameters. The results show that GGGA provides good solutions, even to large-sized problems in reasonable computation time compared to CGA and SGA. Keywords: Stochastic, randomized, multi-population, Gene Grouping Genetic Algorithm, Clustering Genetic Algorithm

Family Relationships in Vannadhasan's Short Stories

For a long time, Tamil literature has been describing about people's lives. Literature is the expression of the people's thoughts and feelings by the people for the people. Life is not a meaningless story of just about eating and dying. Life is a rare opportunity to showcase our amazing potential and it is a chance to know ourselves. A man is afraid to be alone because he knows that loneliness is terrible and gives pain. Human beings form relationships because they know the pain of isolation and alienation. That is why he maintains a good relationship with others, falls in love and gets married. Woman is woven for man, man for woman. Vannadhasan in his short story expresses how women love their husbands and worship him as a deity, about men who seek another woman instead, doubts in family relationships, the wives who bear the mistakes of men and run the family for their children, and about the daughter-in-law and who gives love and warmth. The purpose of this article is to enrich the lives of the people of this world

Web impact assessment of identified higher education institutions in India

URL citations analysis is one of the methods for web impact assessment. This study classifies URL citations andidentifies the motivational factors behind such citations received by higher education institutions in India. Spearman andChi-square analyses were used to highlight the relationship between the institution groups and website categories.Chi-square test reveals that the National Institutes of Technology had more impact in each category of websites