26 research outputs found

    Banaras in the Indian Ocean: Circulating, Connecting and Creolizing Island Stories

    Get PDF
    What links Bernardin de Saint Pierre’s 1788 novel about Isle de France, Paul et Virginie, with V.S. Naipaul’s 1972 piece, An overcrowded Barracoon? What is common to Joseph Conrad’s 1910 novella, A Smile of Fortune, and tourist brochures of La Grande Baie? What brings together the story of the ruins of Babylon and the Ghats of the Ganges? Actually, these seemingly disjointed narratives make up a vast library of inter-connecting Indian Ocean island stories. In this study I will use the image of ‘Banaras’ as the locus of an inter-textual reading exercise connecting the literary spaces of Mauritian writer and filmmaker Barlen Pyamootoo with other stories like those mentioned above. Pyamootoo’s literary universe reveals to us the dynamic, multilayered and polyphonic nature of Indian Ocean island cultures

    Religion, Health and the Hindu Woman in Mauritius: Ananda Devi\u27s Le Voile de Draupadi

    Get PDF
    This study will explore the theme of transculturation in Francophone Mauritian writing through a critical reading of the metaphor of \u27le voile\u27 in Ananda Devi\u27s Le Voile de Draupadi. At one level, the study will examine the myth of Draupadi\u27s veil within the cultural context of Hindu mythology and its interpretation and contribution to the constitution of a Hindu identity in Mauritius. At another level the reading of the veil will be juxtaposed against the wider linguistic and literary context of Francophone literatures where the term \u27voile\u27 takes on a different religious, cultural and political significance. Ananda Devi\u27s narrative is a site of creative contestation and exposes the complex and dynamic nature of exclusion and marginality in the multi-lingual, multi-racial and multi-religious Mauritian society. The essay will argue that \u27le voile\u27, a metaphor for women\u27s oppression in literary convention in Francophone writing, is translated by Ananda Devi into a metaphor for regenerative tension in the construction of a Hindu identity in Mauritius

    Écrire un archipel fracturé : <i>Hamouro</i> et les tensions postcoloniales dans les Comores

    No full text
    International audienceComposed of four small islands, Grande Comore, Anjouan, Moheli, and Mayotte the Comoros archipelago is fractured by the political status of Mayotte, former French colony dependent on Madagascar and today the 101st department of France. In spite of this political separation, the islands are closely linked by their Muslim identity and they are all attached to Central Africa, Madagascar and Zanzibar by several centuries of migrations. While Mayotte benefits from its membership of the European Union, the multi-island state of Comoros remains one of the poorest countries in the world. This economic gap has destabilized the human geography of an archipelago defined historically by movements of people and goods between the islands. Today, such natural movements having ceased, detention centers in Mayotte are overcrowded and 40% of its population are undocumented. How does literature represent this “balkanization” of the Comore Archipelago (Taglioni, 2008)? How does the creation of a «false otherness» created by neocolonial interventions impact upon the identities of the Comorians? How can writing heal this imposed fracture? Our paper will deal with these issues through a reading of Salim Hatubou’s novel titled, Hamouro (2005).Constitué de quatre petites îles, Grande Comore, Anjouan, Mohéli, et Mayotte l’archipel des Comores se trouve fracturé par le statut politique de Mayotte, ancienne colonie française rattachée à Madagascar et aujourd’hui, 101e département de la France. En dépit de cette séparation politique, les îles sont intimement liées par leur identité musulmane et elles sont toutes rattachées à l’Afrique centrale, à Madagascar et à Zanzibar par les migrations anciennes. Alors que Mayotte bénéficie de son appartenance à l’Union européenne, l’État multi-insulaire des Comores reste l’un des pays les plus pauvres du monde. Cet écart économique a déstabilisé la géographie humaine d’un archipel défini historiquement par les mobilités entre les îles. Aujourd’hui, les mouvements naturels de population ayant été entravés par les autorités, les centres de détention à Mayotte sont surpeuplés et environ 40 % de la population de l’île est constituée de personnes sans papiers. Comment la littérature représentet- elle cette « balkanisation » de l’archipel des Comores (Taglioni, 2008) ? Comment la création d’une « fausse altérité » créée par des interventions néocoloniales influe-t-elle sur l’identité des Comoriens ? Comment l’écriture peut-elle guérir cette fracture imposée ? Notre réflexion traitera de ces questions à travers la lecture du roman de Salim Hatubou intitulé Hamouro (2005)

    Marketing Devi: Indian Women in French Imagination / ﺗﺴﻮﻳﻖ ﺩﻳﭭﻲ : ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻲ

    No full text
    [أثبتت برجماتية الإنجليز متمثلة في رؤية روبرت كلايف أنها أكثر نجاحاﹰ من خطط دوبليه الرومانسية لهند فرنسية مما أثبته التاريخ٠ هكذا حرم الفرنسيين من أي استحواذ مؤثر على كلية الأرض الهندية٠ ولكن الهند ظلت دائماﹰ موضع الرغبة في حلم الفرنسيين٠ إن الصورة المركبة التي تتضمن ﺍﻟﺤِﺴﻴﺔ والعنف الموظفة لتمثيل الهند في الخيال الغربي عامة تتجلى بشكل واضح في تصوير المرأة الهندية في الأدب الفرنسي٠ إن التضمين المتواتر لصورة الراقصة المقدسة التي قدمها الأديب الفرنسي تيوفيل جوتييه في الأعمال الأدبية في الفترة الكولونيالية جعلت من المرأة المقدسة دالاﹰ مميزاﹰ للثقافة الهندية ومعرّفاﹰ بها٠ وبمرور الزمن اختلطت بطريقة مشوشة صور العنف المرتبطة بطقس حرق الأرملة والتفسيرات المبتسرة لأسطورة الكالي في تشكيل العنف المقدس ، باعتباره عنصراﹰ أساسياﹰ في الخطاب الأدبي الفرنسي حول الهند٠ إن التخلص من الكولوﻧﻴﺎلية والتحولات الاجتماعية السياسية الناتجة عنها في شبه القارة الهندية وفي أوروبا لم تلغ أو حتى تعدل من هذه الصورة للهند٠ تحلل هذه المقالة وتوصّف تكوين صورة المرأة الهندية في الأدب الفرنسي الكولوﻧﻴﺎلي أولاﹰ، ثم استمرار هذه الصورة ثانياﹰ، وتمثيل الهند عبر العنف الجامح والمقدس في أدبيات ما بعد الكولونيالية٠ كما توضح المقالة كيف يتمثل الأدب الفرنسي الشائع الهند في ظاهرة العنف المقدس في أعمال أدبية محددة منها فولان ديڤي ، حيث تصبح الملكة قاطعة الطريق ﺇعادة إنتاج للتخييل الفرنسي الكولونيالي للهند في عصر ما بعد الكولونيالية٠ وبذلك توضح المقالة أن الاستغلال الاقتصادي الذي يميز مرحلة ما بعد الكولونيالية يتمثل في توظيف المرأة الهندية لتسويق الأعمال الأدبية ، حيث تتقاطع النزعة الاستهلاكية في العمل الرائج مع استغلال صورة الآخر وتشويهها إرضاء لمتطلبات السوق في ثقافة معولمة٠

    Musique populaire, métissage et identités culturelles : vers les recherches comparées

    No full text
    Selon Piroth (2008), les chansons populaires en français ont contribué à renforcer une identité québécoise distincte vis-à-vis de la culture majoritaire des Anglo-Canadiens. D’après lui, bien que le style pop américain reste le genre musical le plus écouté au Québec, la présence de la musique populaire francophone dans les médias et dans les performances publiques atteste toujours de son importance dans le patrimoine culturel commun aux Québécois. Ici, nous proposons d’étudier un autre exemple de genre musical appartenant à la francophonie mondiale, pour examiner les rapports complexes entre les formes de musique populaire et les identités régionales : il s’agit de l’île de la Réunion (un département français situé dans l’Océan indien) et de la pratique du maloya comme symbole de la réunionnité par rapport à la culture française de la métropole.Popular songs tell the stories of the daily lives of social groups. They help individuals find their place in the world and help them to develop a political identity, thereby creating a collective imaginary. In his article about popular music in Québec, Piroth (2008) points out how French folk songs have helped reinforce a distinct Quebecois identity vis-à-vis the majority Anglo-Canadian culture. According to Piroth, although the American pop style is still the most listened to musical genre in Québec, the presence of French pop music in media and public performances always attests to its importance in the shared cultural heritage of the Quebecois. In this article, we study another example of a musical genre in the French-speaking world in order to examine the complex relationships between popular music and regional identities; more specifically we look at Réunion Island (a French department situated in the Indian Ocean) and the practice of maloya as a symbol of reunion in connection with the French culture of the metropolis. Using a cultural studies’ perspective, we explore how “political demonstrations of the cultural and cultural demonstrations of the political” crystalize within this dynamic form of popular music

    Institut Marcelle-et-Louis-Desrochers (Imelda) (Faculté Saint-Jean)

    No full text

    Écrire un archipel fracturé : <i>Hamouro</i> et les tensions postcoloniales dans les Comores

    No full text
    International audienceComposed of four small islands, Grande Comore, Anjouan, Moheli, and Mayotte the Comoros archipelago is fractured by the political status of Mayotte, former French colony dependent on Madagascar and today the 101st department of France. In spite of this political separation, the islands are closely linked by their Muslim identity and they are all attached to Central Africa, Madagascar and Zanzibar by several centuries of migrations. While Mayotte benefits from its membership of the European Union, the multi-island state of Comoros remains one of the poorest countries in the world. This economic gap has destabilized the human geography of an archipelago defined historically by movements of people and goods between the islands. Today, such natural movements having ceased, detention centers in Mayotte are overcrowded and 40% of its population are undocumented. How does literature represent this “balkanization” of the Comore Archipelago (Taglioni, 2008)? How does the creation of a «false otherness» created by neocolonial interventions impact upon the identities of the Comorians? How can writing heal this imposed fracture? Our paper will deal with these issues through a reading of Salim Hatubou’s novel titled, Hamouro (2005).Constitué de quatre petites îles, Grande Comore, Anjouan, Mohéli, et Mayotte l’archipel des Comores se trouve fracturé par le statut politique de Mayotte, ancienne colonie française rattachée à Madagascar et aujourd’hui, 101e département de la France. En dépit de cette séparation politique, les îles sont intimement liées par leur identité musulmane et elles sont toutes rattachées à l’Afrique centrale, à Madagascar et à Zanzibar par les migrations anciennes. Alors que Mayotte bénéficie de son appartenance à l’Union européenne, l’État multi-insulaire des Comores reste l’un des pays les plus pauvres du monde. Cet écart économique a déstabilisé la géographie humaine d’un archipel défini historiquement par les mobilités entre les îles. Aujourd’hui, les mouvements naturels de population ayant été entravés par les autorités, les centres de détention à Mayotte sont surpeuplés et environ 40 % de la population de l’île est constituée de personnes sans papiers. Comment la littérature représentet- elle cette « balkanisation » de l’archipel des Comores (Taglioni, 2008) ? Comment la création d’une « fausse altérité » créée par des interventions néocoloniales influe-t-elle sur l’identité des Comoriens ? Comment l’écriture peut-elle guérir cette fracture imposée ? Notre réflexion traitera de ces questions à travers la lecture du roman de Salim Hatubou intitulé Hamouro (2005)

    Asia in Europe, Europe in Asia.

    No full text
    Singaporevi, 325 p.; 23 cm

    Intersecting discourses on tropicality and disease causation: Representations of reunion's mosquito-borne epidemics in the scientific literature

    No full text
    In this paper we examine whether discourses of tropicality were affected by paradigm shifts in Western thinking about medicine. If tropicalist thinking refl ects latent Western assumptions about the ‘Other’, tropicalism should persist through major shifts in Western thought. Here we explore whether or not such persistence is evident in representations in the scientific literature of mosquito- borne diseases on the Indian Ocean island of Réunion and where discrete epidemics occurred before, during and after a paradigm shift in Western thinking about disease causation. Late in the 19th Century, miasma theory (epidemics caused by unhealthy air) was replaced by microbial theory (epidemics caused by transmission of microbes) as the dominant scientific understanding of disease causation. We analyse representations of mosquito-borne epidemics in the contemporaneous scientific literature about Réunion for evidence of both tropicalism and a shift in the scientific paradigm. In pre-microbial representations, the unhealthy tropical environments thought to be responsible for miasmatic disease transmission are associated predominantly with the non-white population; in microbial representations non-whites are directly blamed for the spread of tropical infections. The paper argues that the persistence of tropicalist thinking through a major paradigm shift in the Western understanding of disease causation supports Said’s (1979) contention that ‘Othering’ is a generalisable ahistorical phenomenon, and discusses issues of economic exigency that may have supported an ongoing tropicalist influence on public health practice in French overseas departments
    corecore