The Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature of Palm Oil Shell on Quantity and Quality of Liquid Smoke

Palm oil shell can be processed into carbon and liquid smoke through pirolysis reaction where liquid smoke was obtained by condensation of smoke produced. In this research, liquid smoke was produced by pirolysis of 5 kg palm oil shell at temperature of 200 °C, 300 °C, and 400 °C for 4 hours and the composition of liquid smoke was analyzed with Gas Chromatography -Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The pirolysis processes at 200 °C, 300 °C, and 400 °C produced 460 mL, 510 mL, and 550 mL of liquid smoke and 3.98, 3.24 and 1.49 kg of carbon respectively. The result of liquid smoke with pirolysis process at 200 °C were 30.73 %(w/w) of antioxidant and food flavor component (guaiacol, 2,3 - butanedione, furfural and 2-methyl-2-cyclopentenone), and 34.31 %(w/w) of harmful components (phenol , 2-propanone, 2-butanone and cyclopentanone). At 400 °C, 27.39 %(w/w) of components can be used in food products and 26.51 %(w/w) of components was harmful for health. Liquid smoke produced fromthis experiment cannot yet be used as food preservative because it still contains harmful components which are dangerous for health, therefore it needs further separation

Pemanfaatan Tanaman Di Halaman Sekolah Dalam Pembelajaran Anatomi Tumbuhan Di SMA Negeri Bantul

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui 1) respon siswa dalam belajar anatomi tumbuhan meng-gunakan tanaman yang tumbuh di halaman sekolah, 2) nilai-nilai belajar yang berkembang pada siswa yang diperoleh sebagai efek pengiring dalam belajar anatomi tumbuhan, 3) ragam hambatan dan solusi yang dilakukan guru Biologi SMA Negeri Bantul dalam memanfaatkan tanaman yang tumbuh di hala-man sekolah dalam pembelajaran anatomi tumbuhan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksploratif, dengan variabel yang diteliti berupa respon siswa dalam belajar anatomi tumbuhan, nilai-nilai belajar yang berkembang selama proses pembelajaran anatomi tumbuhan, dan ragam hambatan yang dialami guru Biologi SMA Negeri Bantul dalam memanfaatkan objek tanaman yang tersedia di halaman sekolah dalam pembelajaran anatomi tumbuhan. Subjek penelitiannya adalah satu kelas siswa Kelas XI SMA Negeri I Banguntapan, dan guru-guru Biologi SMA Kabupaten Bantul. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan potensi tanaman di halaman sekolah dengan menggunakan panduan belajar berupa LKS direspon cukup baik oleh siswa, nilai-nilai afektif sebagai bentuk produk belajar berkembang cukup baik, dan hambatan guru dalam memanfaatkan potensi tanaman di halaman sekolah lebih banyak terjadi akibat kurang memadainya alat dan bahan belajar yang tersedia di sekolah

Synthesis of Activated Carbon From Palm Oil Shell by Chemical Activation Method

An abundance of palmoil shell as a byproduct of the palmoil industry encourages the desire to increase the economic value of such materials that have been used as fuel only and is not used optimally. Thismaerial could be developed as activated carbon that can be used inmany industries particularlyin the field of petroleum, water treatment, gas industry, food and beverages, pharmaceuticals, and chemical industries. Thus, the need for these materials will continue to rise. The aim of this study is to obtain activated carbon by chemical activationmethod through the process of carbonization and activation stages. The carbonization process was carried out at a temperature of 300 °C, 450 °C and 500 °C for duration of 1, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3 hours. While the chemical activation process is done by using the activator of NaOH, NaCl, and HCl with a concentration of 2 % and duration of activation is 1, 2, and 4 hours. Carbonization process showed the best results at 500 °C and 3 hours process giving carbon with water content of 18%, yield of 23%, a volatile substance 3% and levels of fixed carbon 61%. Chemical activation by NaOH for 4 hours showed the best results with activated charcoal water content 3.6 % and adsorptive capacity of I2 851.8797 mg/g. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) results show that before activation pores formed are still closed by the impurities and after the activation, these pores are more open so that the adsorption surface area becomes larger

Waktu Perendaman Benih dengan Air Kelapa Mudaterhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Kakao (Theobroma Cacao L.)

This research aims to know the influence of seed soaking time with young coconut water on the growth of seedlings of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.). This research has been carried out in the laboratories of the University Faculty of agriculture of Riau at Binawidya Panam 12.5 km kelurahan Simpang baru , kecamatan tampan, began from February until may 2013. This study used a Randomized Complete Design (RAL) consisting of 5 treatments (0, 6, 12, 18and 24) and three replicates. The parameters observed that high seeds, number of leaves, leaf area and stem diameter. Research results showed the cocoa seed soaking with influential real young coconut water to the seeds and leaves are wide, but has no effect against the real amount of leaf and stem diameter. Cocoa seed soaking treatment with young coconut water for 6 hours provides the best results against higher seeds parameter, the number of leaves and broad leaves. Cocoa seed soaking treatment with young coconut water for 18 hours, giving greater influence

Hubungan antara Tingkat Pengetahuan Tentang Higiene, Sanitasi dan Nilai Gizi terhadap Sikap Konsumsi Makanan Jajanan Siswa SMP Negeri di Pontianak Barat

Latar Belakang. Pengetahuan mengenai higiene, sanitasi, dan nilai gizi memiliki peran penting dalam pembentukan sikap konsumsi makanan jajanan. Keracunan pangan yang terjadi pada anak sekolah umumnya disebabkan makanan jajanan yang kurang terjaga kebersihannya. Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Jumlah responden yang berpartisipasi sebanyak 362 siswa. Data diperoleh menggunakan kuesioner dan diolah menggunakan uji chi square dan uji Fisher untuk data yang tidak memenuhi syarat dilakukan uji chi square. Hasil: Hasil penelitian adalah 41,71% siswa berpengetahuan higiene cukup, 98,34% siswa berpengetahuan baik tentang sanitasi, 67,68% siswa memiliki pengetahuan baik mengenai nilai gizi dan 94,48% siswa bersikap baik dalam mengkonsumsi makanan jajanan. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan higiene, sanitasi, dan nilai gizi dengan sikap konsumsi makanan jajanan siswa SMP Negeri di Pontianak Barat (nilai p= 0,273; 0,291, dan 0,450). Kesimpulan: Pengetahuan higiene, sanitasi, dan nilai gizi makanan diperlukan untuk mencegah terjadinya keracunan pangan pada siswa

THE EFFECT OF MILLING TIME AND PERCENTAGE OF DISPERSING AGENT ON THE CHARACTERISTIC OF SOLVENT-BASED BLACK PAINT FROM CARBON BLACK PIGMENT

THE EFFECT OF MILLING TIME AND PERCENTAGE OF DISPERSING AGENT ON THE CHARACTERISTIC OF SOLVENT-BASED BLACK PAINT FROM CARBON BLACK PIGMEN. The need for black paint made from carbon black pigment increasing year by year especially in the automotive world. The production of black paint is performed by milling the resin, pigment, additive/dispersing agent, and solvent. In the manufacturing process, it takes a relatively long time with precise dispersing agent composition toward pigment to get the product with blackness/solid black according to the expected quality. This work aims to study the role of the milling time of carbon black fw 200 beads on a 3 liter ball mill and the percentage of dispersing agents on paint color quality, especially blackness. The variations in milling time were 36, 48, and 60 hours and the weight percentage of dispersing agent toward pigment were 80%, 100%, and 120%. The optimum results obtained are at the milling time of 48 hours and on the percentage of dispersing agent of 120% with the product characteristics fulfills the requirement namely: 10 μm of particle fineness, 111.5 krebs unit of viscosity, 36.97% of solid content, 0.9839 gr/cc of specific gravity with desirable solid black color

Pengaruh Partisipasi Anggaran terhadap Senjangan Anggaran dengan Informasi Asimetri, Budaya Organisasi, Komitmen Organisasi,dan Ketidakpastian Lingkungan sebagai Variabel Moderating (Studi Empiris pada SKPD Kab. Pelalawan)

The purpose of the research was examined the effect of budgetary participation on budgetary slack using information asymetry, organizational participation on budgetary slack using information asymetry, organizational culture, organizational commitment, and environmental uncertainty as culture, organizational commitment, and environmental uncertainty as moderating variabels. Population is the Regional Working Units (SKPD) in Pelalawan. Data collected by distributing questionnaires to the respondents.This research use multiple regression analysis model by (Statistical Product Service Solution) version 17.0. The results show that the first hypothesis budgetary participation and significant positive impact on budgetary slack. Furthermore, the second hypothesis, three and four information asymmetry, organizational culture, organizational commitment and the moderating effect significant relationship with the budgetary participation budgetary slack. The fifth hypothesis failed environmental uncertainty moderate the relationship between budgetary participation and budgetary slack. moderating variabels. Population is the Regional Working Units (SKPD) in Pelalawan. Data collected by distributing questionnaires to the respondents.This research use multiple regression analysis model by (Statistical Product Service Solution) version 17.0. The results show that the first hypothesis budgetary participation and significant positive impact on budgetary slack. Furthermore, the second hypothesis, three and four information asymmetry, organizational culture, organizational commitment and the moderating effect significant relationship with the budgetary participation budgetary slack. The fifth hypothesis failed environmental uncertainty moderate the relationship between budgetary participation and budgetary slack. Keyword :budgetary Participation, information asymetry, organizational Keyword :budgetary Participation, information asymetry, organizational culture, organizational commitment, environmental uncertainty, budgetary slack. culture, organizational commitment, environmental uncertainty, budgetary slack

Pengaruh Kepemilikan Manajerial, Kepemilikan Institusional dan Kepemilikan Keluarga terhadap Manajemen Laba (Earning Management) pada Perusahaan Berkepemilikan Ultimat yang Terdaftar di Bei

This research aims to investigate the effect of managerial ownerships,institutional ownerships and family ownerships components to earnings management on the ultimate ownerships companies in Indonesian Stock Exchange.Data is used in this research is secondary data from monetary data inIndonesian Stock Exchange. The sample method used was purposive sampling. From the all of ultimate ownerships companies listed in the Indonesian Stock Exchange, research sample counted 60 companies that meet criteria. Hypothesis testing is done by using multiple linear regression analysis.The result of this research base on hypothesis test show that managerialownerships and institutional ownerships does not have significant effect with earnings management, while family ownerships have significant effect with earnings management. The magnitude of the effect (Adj R-Square) of managerial ownerships, institutional ownerships, and family ownerships on earnings management was 10,10%. While the remaining 80,90% is influenced by other variables.Keyword: managerial ownerships, institutional ownerships, family ownerships, earnings management, ultimate ownerships

Pengaruh Sistem Pengukuran Kinerja Strategis terhadap Kinerja Manajerial, Kejelasan Peran dan Konflik Peran sebagai Mediasi (Survei pada Bank di Pekanbaru)

This study aimed to examine the effect of strategic performance measurement systems on managerial performance with clarity of roles and conflict mediation role as a banking enterprise in the city of Pekanbaru.Population in this research is all the banks in the city of Pekanbaru to sample the lower and middle level managers. Methods of data collection using questionnaires. Analysis of the data in this study using the Partial Least Square (PLS).Results of hypothesis testing in this study suggests that strategic performance measurement system has a positive effect on role conflict, strategic performance measurement system has a significant positive effect on role clarity, role conflict had no significant effect on the performance of manjerial, role clarity has no significant effect on managerial performance, strategic performance measurement system has a significant positive effect on managerial performance, and clarity of roles and role conflict did not mediate the relationship between strategic performance measurement systems on managerial performance.Keywords: managerial performance, strategic performance measurement systems, role clarity, role conflict