304 research outputs found
Assessment of GPS radiosonde descent data
Radiosondes are widely used to obtain basic meteorological parameters such
as pressure (<i>P</i>), temperature (<i>T</i>), relative humidity (RH) and horizontal
winds during the balloon ascent up to the altitude of balloon burst, usually
~ 32–35 km. Data from the radiosondes released from Gadanki
(13.5° N, 79.2° E), a tropical station in India, have been collected
during the ascent and during the descent as well without attaching any
parachute or its equivalent since the year 2008. In the present study an
attempt has been made to characterize the radiosonde descent data with the
main objective of exploring its usefulness and reliability for scientific
purposes. We compared the data obtained during ascent and descent phases of
the same sounding. The mean differences in <i>T</i>, RH and horizontal winds
between ascent and descent data are found to be small and are sometimes even
within the uncertainty of the measurements and/or expected diurnal variation
itself. The very good consistency observed between the ascent and the
descent data shows that one more profile of the meteorological parameters
can be constructed within 3 h of time of balloon launch practically at no
additional cost. Further checks are done by utilizing the 3-hourly
radiosonde observations collected during the Tropical Tropopause Dynamics
campaigns conducted at Gadanki. In the process of checking the consistency
between the radiosonde ascent and descent data, several new findings are
arrived at and are reported in this study. In general, it has taken more
than half an hour for the balloon to reach the ground from the burst
altitude. It is also observed that the fall velocity is close to 10 m s<sup>−1</sup> near
the surface. Finally, it is suggested to record the observations also when
the balloon is descending as this information is useful for scientific
purposes
Validation of the COSMIC Radio Occultation Data over Gadanki (13.48°N, 79.2°E): A Tropical Region
Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC), consisting of six Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Global Position System (GPS) receivers, on board the Formosat Satellite 3 (FORMOSAT-3) is providing dense observations of density, refractivity, temperature and water vapor profiles of the neutral atmosphere since middle of July 2006. Special radiosonde (Väisälä) campaign was conducted at Gadanki (13.48°N, 79.18°E), a tropical site in India, during July 2006 to March 2007 to validate these meteorological parameters. Co-located Nd: YAG Rayleigh lidar was also operated during the overpass of COSMIC and is utilized to validate the temperatures in the height range of 30 to 40 km. Atotal of 142 overpasses occurred during the above mentioned period within 300 km distance from Gadanki out of which 41 overpasses occurred within a time difference of ±4 hours of radiosonde launch. In addition, 18 overpasses occurred within the time difference of ±4 hours of lidar operation. A detailed comparison has been made with all these overpasses for the refractivity, temperature and water vapor obtained from COSMIC. The water vapor comparison has shown generally a good agreement with a mean difference of 5 - 10% below 6 - 7 km. Although there is a colder bias between COSMIC and radiosonde, a very good comparison in temperature is also found between 10 and 27 km with a mean difference of less than 1 K (RMS difference is only 0.64 K). There exists a large difference in temperature of about 8 K between 30 and 40 km (between COSMIC and lidar). Possible reasons for these large differences are given. There was one event that occurred just over Gadanki for which a detailed comparison has been made with special emphasis on water vapor retrievals. Sensitivity test is also done on the fractional difference in N for the event that occurred on 24 July 2006 between COSMIC (1D-var) and radiosonde and found that pressure plays a key role than temperature in determining the refractivity
Investigation of reconfiguration effect on makespan with social network method for flexible job shop scheduling problem
This paper presents a novel social network analysis based method (SNAM) to evaluate the reconfiguration effect i.e., identification of key machines and their influence on the system performance in the context of Flexible job shop scheduling problem (FJSSP). This research formulates a mathematical model along with the constraints by incorporating the total completion time of jobs as an objective function. The proposed SNAM has been applied to generate the collaboration networks by transforming the input data and presenting them in the form of an affiliation matrix to the network analysis software. Thereafter, to analyze the collaboration networks various SNA measures that have been calculated and different functional properties are evaluated. Finally, to investigate the reconfiguration effect on makespan integration of process planning and scheduling (IPPS) has been implemented with adopted effective game theory based hybrid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) algorithm. The validation of the proposed approach and its effectiveness is conducted through comparisons with benchmark instances and results confirm the efficiency of the proposed approach.This work has been supported by COMPETE: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043 and FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the Project Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2013.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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Role of interventional radiology in line insertion on intensive care during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Onset of negative interspike interval correlations in adapting neurons
Negative serial correlations in single spike trains are an effective method
to reduce the variability of spike counts. One of the factors contributing to
the development of negative correlations between successive interspike
intervals is the presence of adaptation currents. In this work, based on a
hidden Markov model and a proper statistical description of conditional
responses, we obtain analytically these correlations in an adequate dynamical
neuron model resembling adaptation. We derive the serial correlation
coefficients for arbitrary lags, under a small adaptation scenario. In this
case, the behavior of correlations is universal and depends on the first-order
statistical description of an exponentially driven time-inhomogeneous
stochastic process.Comment: 12 pages (10 pages in the journal version), 6 figures, published in
Phys. Rev. E; http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.84.04190
The Dispersion Velocity of Galactic Dark Matter Particles
The self-consistent spatial distribution of particles of Galactic dark matter
is derived including their own gravitational potential, as also that of the
visible matter of the Galaxy. In order to reproduce the observed rotation curve
of the Galaxy the value of the dispersion velocity of the dark matter
particles, \rmsveldm, should be \sim 600\kmps or larger.Comment: RevTex, 4 pages, 1 ps figure, accepted for publication in Physical
Review Letter
Ethanol production from xylose by pichia stipitis NRRL Y-7124 in a stirred tank bioreactor
The ethanol production by Pichia stipitis was evaluated in a stirred tank bioreactor using semidefined medium containing xylose (90.0 g/l) as the main carbon source. Experimental assays were performed
according to a 22 full factorial design to evaluate the influence of aeration (0.25 to 0.75 vvm) and agitation (150 to 250 rpm) conditions on ethanol production. In the studied range of values, the agitation increase and aeration decrease favored ethanol production, which was maximum (26.7 g/l) using 250 rpm and 0.25 vvm,
conditions that gave a volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (kLa value) of 4.9 h-1. Under these conditions, the ethanol yield factor, ethanol productivity, and the process efficiency were 0.32 g/g, 0.32 g/l.h, and 63%, respectively. These results are promising and contribute to the development of a suitable process for ethanol
production from xylose by Pichia stipitis.The authors gratefully acknowledge Santander, Fapesp, Capes, and CNPq (Brazil)
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