4 research outputs found
A typhoid fever outbreak in a slum of South Dumdum municipality, West Bengal, India, 2007: Evidence for foodborne and waterborne transmission
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In April 2007, a slum of South Dumdum municipality, West Bengal reported an increase in fever cases. We investigated to identify the agent, the source and to propose recommendations.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We defined a suspected case of typhoid fever as occurrence of fever for ≥ one week among residents of ward 1 of South Dumdum during February – May 2007. We searched for suspected cases in health care facilities and collected blood specimens. We described the outbreak by time, place and person. We compared probable cases (Widal positive >= 1:80) with neighbourhood-matched controls. We assessed the environment and collected water specimens.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We identified 103 suspected cases (Attack rate: 74/10,000, highest among 5–14 years old group, no deaths). Salmonella (enterica) Typhi was isolated from one of four blood specimens and 65 of 103 sera were >= 1:80 Widal positive. The outbreak started on 13 February, peaked twice during the last week of March and second week of April and lasted till 27 April. Suspected cases clustered around three public taps. Among 65 probable cases and 65 controls, eating milk products from a sweet shop (Matched odds ratio [MOR]: 6.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.4–16, population attributable fraction [PAF]: 53%) and drinking piped water (MOR: 7.3, 95% CI: 2.5–21, PAF-52%) were associated with illness. The sweet shop food handler suffered from typhoid in January. The pipelines of intermittent non-chlorinated water supply ran next to an open drain connected with sewerage system and water specimens showed faecal contamination.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The investigation suggested that an initial foodborne outbreak of typhoid led to the contamination of the water supply resulting in a secondary, waterborne wave. We educated the food handler, repaired the pipelines and ensured chlorination of the water.</p
Febre tifĂłide: recaĂda por resistĂŞncia antimicrobiana. Relato de caso Typhoid fever: relapse due to antimicrobial resistance. Case report
Relatamos pela primeira vez na AmazĂ´nia Brasileira um paciente com febre tifĂłide, com resistĂŞncia clĂnica e laboratorial ao cloranfenicol, droga de escolha para esta doença em nossa regiĂŁo. A recaĂda foi observada no 7° dia apĂłs o tĂ©rmino do tratamento e a paciente foi tratada com ciprofloxacina.<br>We report for the first time in the Brazilian Amazon a typhoid fever patient with clinical and laboratorial resistance to chloramphenicol, drug of election for this disease in our region. The relapse was observed at the 7th day after the end of treatment and the patient was treated with ciprofloxacin