529 research outputs found
Growth, fruit set and yield of Santa Rosa plum as affected by nitrogen and boron under rainfed conditions of Kashmir Valley
Present experiment was carried out in a seven year old private plum orchard near SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar during 2012 and 2013, to examine the response to nitrogenous fertilizer and boron on growth, fruit set and yield of plum var. Santa Rosa. Urea @ 500 g (N1), CaNO3 @ 1450 g (N2), N1 + 50 g boron (N3) and N2 + 50 g boron (N4) were applied at T1 = Full dose in spring, T2 = Full dose after harvest and T3 = 3/4 dose in spring and 1/4 dose after harvest. Observations were recorded on parameters viz. incremental tree girth, shoot extension growth, plant height, plant spread, leaf area, fruit set, fruit drop, yield, yield efficiency. All the growth parameters were high in treatment combination N1T1. Maximum fruit set (19.68 % and 20.90 %) was recorded in N3T2, yield (20.60 kg/tree and 22.88 kg/tree) was recorded in N4T2, yield efficiency (0.45 and 0.46 kg/cm2) was recorded in N4T2 and minimum fruit drop (4.25 % and 4.55 %) were recorded under the treatment combination N4T2 and N4T3, respectively in the both the years. Both sources of nitrogen and boron can be considered as best fertilizer in plum orchards for improving the growth, fruit set, fruit yield, yield efficiency
Simultaneous Surface Plasmon Resonance and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
We present here an experimental set-up to perform simultaneously measurements
of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) in a
synchrotron beamline. The system allows measuring in situ and in real time the
effect of X-ray irradiation on the SPR curves to explore the interaction of
X-rays with matter. It is also possible to record XAS spectra while exciting
SPR in order to detect the changes in the electronic configuration of thin
films induced by the excitation of surface plasmons. Combined experiments
recording simultaneously SPR and XAS curves while scanning different parameters
can be carried out. The relative variations in the SPR and XAS spectra that can
be detected with this set-up ranges from 10-3 to 10-5, depending on the
particular experiment
High-Spin Doublet Band Structures in odd-odd Tl isotopes
The basis space in the triaxial projected shell model (TPSM) approach is
generalized for odd-odd nuclei to include two-neutron and two-proton
configurations on the basic one-neutron coupled to one-proton quasiparticle
state. The generalization allows to investigate odd-odd nuclei beyond the band
crossing region and as a first application of this development, high-spin band
structures recently observed in odd-odd Tl isotopes are
investigated. In some of these isotopes, the doublet band structures observed
after the band crossing have been conjectured to arise from the spontaneous
breaking of the chiral symmetry. The driving configuration of the chiral
symmetry in these odd-odd isotopes is one-proton and three-neutrons rather than
the basic one-proton and one-neutron as already observed in many other nuclei.
It is demonstrated using the TPSM approach that energy differences of the
doublet bands in Tl and Tl are, indeed, small. However, the
differences in the calculated transition probabilities are somewhat larger than
what is expected in the chiral symmetry limit. Experimental data on the
transition probabilities is needed to shed light on the chiral nature of the
doublet bands.Comment: 11 pages, 17 figures, to appear in EPJ
Triaxial projected shell model approach for negative parity states in even-even nuclei
The triaxial projected shell model (TPSM) approach is generalized to
investigate the negative parity band structures in even-even systems. In the
earlier version of the TPSM approach, the quasiparticle excitations were
restricted to one major oscillator shell and it was possible to study only
positive parity states in even-even systems. In the present extension, the
excited quasiparticles are allowed to occupy two major oscillator shells, which
makes it possible to generate the negative parity states. As a major
application of this development, the extended approach is applied to elucidate
the negative parity high-spin band structures in Ru and it is shown
that energies obtained with neutron excitation are slightly lower than the
energies calculated with proton excitation. However, the calculated aligned
angular momentum () clearly separates the two spectra with neutron
in reasonable agreement with the empirically evaluated from the
experimental data, whereas proton shows large deviations. Furthermore, we
have also deduced the transition quadrupole moments from the TPSM wavefunctions
along the negative-parity yrast- and yrare- bands and it is shown that these
quantities exhibit rapid changes in the bandcrossing region.Comment: 14 pages, 17 figure
Triaxial projected shell model study of -bands in atomic nuclei
A systematic study of -bands observed in atomic nuclei is performed
using the triaxial projected shell model (TPSM) approach. The staggering phase
between the even and odd spin members of the -band for most the nuclei
investigated in the present work is found to have even-I-below-odd-I, which in
the framework of the collective model is considered as a signature of
-softness. It is observed that out of twenty-three systems studied,
only four nuclei, namely, Ge, Ru, Er and Th
depict staggering phase with odd-I-below-even-I, which is regarded as an
indication of the static -deformation in the collective model picture.
The inclusion of the quasiparticle excitations in the framework of
configuration mixing is shown to reverse the staggering phase from odd-I-down
to the even-I-down for all the studied nuclei, except for the aforementioned
four nuclei. Furthermore, by fitting a collective Bohr Hamiltonian to the TPSM
energies, the differences between the two models are delineated through a
comparison of the transition probabilities.Comment: 12 pages, 15 figure
Systematic investigation of quadrupole properties in deformed and transitional nuclei
In the present work, we address a long-standing problem in nuclear physics on
how to decipher the nature of collective motion from electromagnetic transition
probabilities. A systematic analysis of the transitions is performed
for thirty nuclei using the triaxial projected shell model (TPSM) approach. It
is shown that transitions for the -bands depict a
staggering phase and this phase reverses with the inclusion of the
quasiparticle excitations for all the nuclei, except for the six nuclei of
Ge, Ru, Er, Os, Pt and Th. This
feature is analogous to the energy staggering phase obtained for these nuclei.
It is noted that the energy staggering phase with even-spin-down
(odd-spin-down), which is considered as a signature of -softness
(-rigidity), corresponds to even-spin-up (odd-spin-up) staggering phase
of the transitions. Further, TPSM predicted values for both energies
and transition are shown to be in good agreement with the corresponding
experimental values.Comment: 24 pages, 28 figure
Risks of stillbirth and neonatal death with advancing gestation at term: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies of 15 million pregnancies.
BACKGROUND: Despite advances in healthcare, stillbirth rates remain relatively unchanged. We conducted a systematic review to quantify the risks of stillbirth and neonatal death at term (from 37 weeks gestation) according to gestational age. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We searched the major electronic databases Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar (January 1990-October 2018) without language restrictions. We included cohort studies on term pregnancies that provided estimates of stillbirths or neonatal deaths by gestation week. We estimated the additional weekly risk of stillbirth in term pregnancies that continued versus delivered at various gestational ages. We compared week-specific neonatal mortality rates by gestational age at delivery. We used mixed-effects logistic regression models with random intercepts, and computed risk ratios (RRs), odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Thirteen studies (15 million pregnancies, 17,830 stillbirths) were included. All studies were from high-income countries. Four studies provided the risks of stillbirth in mothers of White and Black race, 2 in mothers of White and Asian race, 5 in mothers of White race only, and 2 in mothers of Black race only. The prospective risk of stillbirth increased with gestational age from 0.11 per 1,000 pregnancies at 37 weeks (95% CI 0.07 to 0.15) to 3.18 per 1,000 at 42 weeks (95% CI 1.84 to 4.35). Neonatal mortality increased when pregnancies continued beyond 41 weeks; the risk increased significantly for deliveries at 42 versus 41 weeks gestation (RR 1.87, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.86, p = 0.012). One additional stillbirth occurred for every 1,449 (95% CI 1,237 to 1,747) pregnancies that advanced from 40 to 41 weeks. Limitations include variations in the definition of low-risk pregnancy, the wide time span of the studies, the use of registry-based data, and potential confounders affecting the outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest there is a significant additional risk of stillbirth, with no corresponding reduction in neonatal mortality, when term pregnancies continue to 41 weeks compared to delivery at 40 weeks. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42015013785
DNMT3B Oncogenic Activity in Human Intestinal Cancer Is Not Linked to CIMP or BRAFV600E Mutation
Summary:
Approximately 10% of human colorectal cancer (CRC) are associated with activated BRAFV600E mutation, typically in absence of APC mutation and often associated with a CpG island methylator (CIMP) phenotype. To protect from cancer, normal intestinal epithelial cells respond to oncogenic BRAFV600E by activation of intrinsic p53 and p16-dependent tumor suppressor mechanisms, such as cellular senescence. Conversely, CIMP is thought to contribute to bypass of these tumor suppressor mechanisms, e.g. via epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes, such as p16. It has been repeatedly proposed that DNMT3B is responsible for BRAFV600E-induced CIMP in human CRC. Here we set out to test this by in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches. We conclude that although both BRAFV600E and DNMT3B harbor oncogenic potential in vitro and in vivo and show some evidence of cooperation in tumor promotion, they do not frequently cooperate to promote CIMP and human intestinal cancer
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