Taxonomy and diversity of commercially important crustaceans

Crustaceans are a remarkable group of shelled animals (arthropods) that thrive in almost all watery habitats, with a few even exploring land. This incredibly diverse group boasts over 65,000 species found across the globe. Sizes range from microscopic creatures a mere tenth of a millimeter long to gigantic crabs, lobsters, and isopods reaching lengths of 4 meters and tipping the scales at 20 kilograms

Sea turtle diversity and taxonomy

There are seven species of sea turtles found worldwide, belonging to six genera and two families. Five of these species inhabit India's coastline: olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea), green (Chelonia mydas), hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata), loggerhead (Caretta caretta), and leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea). Sadly, sea turtle populations face global decline due to factors such as over-exploitation, pollution, habitat loss, vessel strikes, and accidental bycatch in fishing gear

Marine mammal diversity and taxonomy

Marine mammals are warm-blooded, aquatic vertebrates within the class Mammalia. They breathe air, use fins and flippers for movement, and nurse their young with milk. There are four taxonomic groups: cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises), sirenians (manatees and dugongs), pinnipeds (walruses, seals, and sea lions), and fissipeds (polar bears and sea otters). Cetaceans and sirenians live their entire lives in water, while other marine mammals may come ashore for parts of their life cycl

Diversity of commercially important crustaceans

Crustaceans are a diverse group of arthropods found in nearly all aquatic environments, with some even venturing onto land. They consist of more than 65,000 species distributed worldwide. Crustaceans show a great range of sizes from microscopic species measuring as little as a tenth of a millimeter to giant crabs, lobsters, and isopods with a body size of up to 4 meters in length, and weighing up to 20 kilograms.Thus they are a very diverse group of invertebrate animals that includes active animals such as crabs, lobsters, shrimp, krill, copepods, amphipods, and more sessile creatures like barnacles.Like other arthropods, crustaceans have an exoskeleton composed of chitin, which they molt when they grow

Marine Mammal Diversity in Indian Waters

Marine mammals are aquatic vertebrates within the class mammalia, characterized by being warm-blooded, breathing air through lungs, utilizing fins and flippers for locomotion, and producing milk to nurture their offspring. They are into four taxonomic groups: cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises), sirenians (manatees and dugong), pinnipeds (walrus, seals and sea lions), and fissipeds (polar bear and sea otters). While cetaceans and sirenians remain exclusively in water throughout their lives, other marine mammals may come ashore intermittently for various reasons during specific stages of their life cycl

Perspectives and future vision for augmenting seafood export from India

India is bestowed with a long coastline of 8129 km, 0.5 million sq.km of continental shelf, 2.02 million sq.km of EEZ, and a catchable annual marine fishery potential of 4.41 million tons. India is the second largest fish-producing country in the world accounting for 7.56 percent of global production and 4th largest fish exporter. In 2021-22, India's total marine fish production stood at 3,05 million tons

Report on morphological abnormality in Scylla serrata

Morphological abnormalities most commonly reported in crabs are alterations in carapace (mainly number and shape of antero-lateral teeth), chelipeds, walking legs and shape of the abdomen. Uran, a fishing village in Raigad district of Maharashtra, supports a good fishery of Scylla serrata commonly known as giant mud crab, found in the coastal estuarine and mangrove areas

Plankton taxonomy

Plankton includes all those organisms that live suspended in the water column of aquatic ecosystems. Unlike nektons, which swim actively against water currents, plankton are characterized by feeble power of locomotion and drift in the water column at the mercy of currents, winds, and tides. The term “plankton” was coined by Victor Hensen from the Greek word "plankton" meaning drifter or wanderer

Sustainable development goals and fisheries sector: Progressing towards a sustainable future

With the present population trends, the global food demand is expected to rise 50% by 2030 and it becomes imperative to manage the resources thus to sustain this demand. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a global call for action to achieve sustainable development by 2030 through a combined effort from all the countries. This Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development is intended to foster growth while safeguarding the environment and bringing out a safer, healthier, and more prosperous world by 2030. SDGs are centered on five P’s viz. people (wellbeing of all people), planet (protection of the earth’s ecosystems), prosperity (continued economic & technological growth), peace (securing peace) and partnership (improving international cooperation)

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