Effect of upper limb exercise and 10 minutes tread mill training on improving the autonomic nervous control in COPD patients

INTRODUCTION: The common disease entity of chronic bronchitis and emphysema is known as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. COPD is defined as a disease state characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. The airflow limitation is usually both progressive and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particle or gases GOLD, 2001. COPD is characterized by reduced maximum expiratory flow and slow forced emptying of lungs which is slowly progressive and mostly irreversible to present medical treatment ERS, 1995. The impairment of lung function is largely fixed but is partially reversible by bronchodilator or other therapy BTS,1997.COPD is largely preventable Huib,1999. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a major cause of chronic morbidity and mortality throughout the world. For patients with COPD, degradation in lung function is progressive, leading to premature disability and death. As the lung function decreases, the ability to engage in activities of daily living decreases, and thus the quality of life is impaired. OBJECTIVES: To analyse the effect of upper limb exercises along with treadmill training on heart rate and spo2 among copd subjects. STUDY DESIGN: Pre test and post test experimental study. METHODOLOGY: Subjects were assigned into two groups with 15 in GROUP A and 15 in GROUP B. The GROUP A subjects underwent for conventional therapy such as diaphragmatic breathing exercise and chest mobility exercise, while GROUP B underwent upper limb exercises and treadmill training along with conventional therapy. Treadmill training is for 10 minutes daily, lasted for 8 weeks. OUTCOME MEASURES: Heart rate and SPO2 were measured by using pulsoximeter. RESULTS: The data were analysed using independent and paired t test at 5%level of significance. There was significant difference between the groups in all the outcome measures. There was significant improvement on heart rate and SPO2 in both groups, but the mean shows that GROUP B has more improvement than GROUP A. CONCLUSION: The study reveal that there is significant improvement in heart rate and spo2 on subject who underwent upper limb exercises along with treadmill training

Impact of paradigm shift on employee engagement due to pandemic.

This pandemic situation has brought in new set of challenges in many sectors of the economy. While people are adapting to new normal, organisations are trying hard to maintain uninterrupted flow of work. Since work is done remotely away from standard, employee engagement has become one of the prominent priorities of Human resource management department. Organizations are continuously trying to develop new effective techniques to maintain the same level of employee engagement as before or much higher. This research paper makes a descriptive study on the impact of current pandemic on employee engagement and brings forward the measures adopted by different organisation to maintain same level of employee engagement. Major question is how employee engagement can be practiced when employees are working remotely, especially when they are apprehensive about other priorities of life. Effective innovative measures will keep employees motivated even in the toughest times like this. Working from home with proper support from organisation will lead to a positive shift. Giving away the usual antecedents and quick adaption to new changes is important for survival of every organisations

Characteristics of a Binary Mixture in a Promoted Solid Fluidized Bed- A statistical Approach

Fluidization is the operation by which fine solids are transformed into a fluid like state through contact with a gas or a liquid. Extensive use of fluidization began in the catalytic cracking reactors in the petroleum industry. The chief advantages of fluidization are that it ensures contact of the fluid with all parts of the solid particles, prevents segregation of the solid by thoroughly agitating the bed and minimizes temperature variations even in a large reactor, again by virtue of the vigorous agitation some uses of fluidized beds are in (1)chemical reactions (2) Physical contactin

Anti-inflammatory activity of Ruta graveolens Linn on carrageenan induced paw edema in wistar male rats

Aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Ruta graveolens were investigated for anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan induced paw edema in wistar male rats, and compared to a positive controldrug, Voveran. These extracts were given (ip) in a concentration of 20 and 50 mg/kg b.w. before carrageenan injection. Methanolic extracts of R. graveolens with a concentration of 20 mg/kg b.w. and ethanolic extract with a concentration of 50 mg/kg b.w. showed maximum (90.9%) inhibition on carrageenan induced rat paw edema. The effect was significantly (P< 0.05) higher than that of the standard drug Voveran (72.72%). Methanol extract with a concentration of 50 mg/kg b.w. produced 81.81% inhibition, which was also high as compared to the standard drug. Ethanolic extract with a dose of 20 mg/kg b.w and the two doses of aqueous extract produce less percentage of inhibition as compared to the standard drug voveran

Energy efficiency based on relay station deployment and sleep mode activation of eNBs for 4G LTE-A network

The energy efficiency is considered as a major issue due to large power consumption of eNBs in heterogeneous cellular networks. In this paper, a novel relay station (RS) deployment scheme and base station (BS) sleep mode algorithm is proposed to minimize the power consumption of eNBs. Initially, the RSs are deployed to cover the entire area of a cell. It is due to the purpose of providing service when the BS is in sleep mode. Then the network traffic of each cell is measured with Erlang B and C probability measure. If the network traffic is low, then the BS is decided to put into sleep mode which reduces the power consumption. For that, the corresponding RS are selected to handover the active mobile users (MUs). Then, the network traffic is estimated for each RS and the RS without MU becomes sleep mode in order to reduce power consumption further. The proposed model of cellular network reduces the power consumption by applying sleep mode algorithm for both BS and RS based on the measured network traffic. The power consumed by the entire network is measured and compared with the network without sleep mode. The evaluation results show the efficiency of our proposed work

Doing cell biology in embryos: regulated membrane traffic and its implications for cadherin biology

Regulated trafficking of cadherin adhesion molecules is often invoked as a mechanism to generate dynamic adhesive cell-cell contacts for tissue modeling and morphogenesis. The past 2-3 years have seen several important papers that tackle the cell biology of cadherin trafficking in organismal systems to provide new insights into both mechanism and morphogenetic impact