Psychological and digital factors of student attitudes towards multitasking

Introduction. Despite the evidence from the cognitive approach that performance decreases under multitasking conditions, multitasking is increasingly seen as an important skill to develop, especially among young people. Aim. The present research aims to reveal personal (personal traits, satisfaction of basic needs) and digital (user activity, combined activity, attitude to technology, digital competence) factors of subjective assessment of multitasking in students and their attitude to multitasking. Methodology and research methods. In the course of the research, 260 students of Moscow universities answered questions about their multitasking and their attitude to it, and then filled out the scales for assessing subjective well-being, attitudes towards learning, personal traits, basic psychological needs, user and combined activity, attitudes to technology, digital competence and the desire for digitalisation of education. The data were processed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation analysis, group comparison methods (Pearson’s Chi-square, Student’s t-test). Results. According to the estimates of the students, they spend almost half of their daytime combining different activities. Most of students consider multitasking as a useful skill and would like to improve it. Higher multitasking scores are associated with greater conscientiousness, openness to experience, competence, positive emotions, as well as technophilia, digital skills. The desire to improve own multitasking is higher among students with a higher level of combined activity, technophilia, technorationality, as well as among students, who higher estimate the opportunities of digitalisation in education. Two out of three students consider multitasking as a useful ability; every second student thinks that multitasking can be developed by training. Multitasking and the desire to improve it are related to the attitude towards multitasking as a trained and developed skill, while the idea of its usefulness or uniqueness is practically not related to psychological and digital factors. Further research may be aimed at revealing relationships between subjective multitasking with activity diary data and experimentally organised multitasking. Scientific novelty. The attitude to multitasking format among young people was investigated from the perspective of a comprehensive approach, which combines personal characteristics and peculiarities of online activity. Practical significance. The peculiarities of students’ attitudes towards multitasking as a personal choice of doing several things simultaneously, reflecting among other things a positive attitude towards multitasking and a desire to develop it, can become a significant component to develop educational programmes, as well as important knowledge to provide interaction between teachers and students under the conditions of digitalisation in education.Введение. Несмотря на данные когнитивного подхода о снижении продуктивности при одновременном выполнении нескольких дел, многозадачность все чаще рассматривается как важный развиваемый навык, особенно среди молодежи. Целью исследования является выявление личностных (личностные особенности, удовлетворенность базовых потребностей) и цифровых (пользовательская активность, совмещенная активность, отношение к технологиям, цифровая компетентность) факторов субъективной оценки многозадачности у студентов и их отношения к многозадачности. Методология, методы и методики. 260 студентов московских вузов отвечали на вопросы о своей многозадачности и отношении к ней, а затем заполняли шкалы оценки субъективного благополучия, отношения к учебе, личностных особенностей, базовых психологических потребностей, пользовательской и совмещенной активности, отношения к технологиям, цифровой компетентности и стремления к цифровизации образования. Данные обрабатывались при помощи методов описательной статистики, корреляционного анализа Пирсона, методов сравнения групп (Хи-квадрат Пирсона, t-критерий Стьюдента). Результаты. По оценкам студентов, почти половину времени бодрствования они проводят, совмещая решение разных задач. В целом студенты хотели бы улучшить свою способность к многозадачности, рассматривая ее как полезное умение. Более высокие оценки своей многозадачности у них связаны с большей добросовестностью, открытостью опыту, компетентностью, положительными эмоциями, а также технофилией, цифровыми навыками. Стремление улучшить свою компетентность выше у студентов с более высоким уровнем совмещенной активности, технофилии, технорациональности, а также у студентов, которые выше оценивают возможности цифровизации образования. Двое из трех студентов считают многозадачность полезной способностью, каждый второй – что ее можно развивать тренировкой. Многозадачность и стремление ее улучшить определяются отношением к многозадачности как тренируемому и развиваемому умению, тогда как представления о ее полезности и уникальности практически не связаны с психологическими и цифровыми факторами. Дальнейшие исследования могут быть направлены на сопоставление субъективной многозадачности с данными дневниковых исследований и экспериментально организованной многозадачностью. Научная новизна. Было исследовано отношение к формату многозадачности у молодых людей сквозь призму комплексного подхода, сочетающего личностные особенности и особенности онлайн-активности. Практическая значимость. Особенности отношения к формату многозадачности как личному выбору выполнения нескольких дел одновременно, отражающие в том числе позитивное отношение к многозадачности и желание ее развивать, могут стать значимой составляющей разработки образовательных программ, а также важным знанием при взаимодействии педагогов и студентов в условиях цифровизации образования.Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований (проект № 19-29-14181мк «Многозадачность в структуре цифровой социализации: когнитивные и личностные факторы эффективности в контексте цифровизации общего образования»). Авторы выражают признательность рецензентам, которые работали с этой статьей.This study was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 19-29-14181mk “Multitasking in the Structure of Digital Socialisation: Cognitive and Personal Efficiency Factors in the Context of digitalisation of General Education”). The authors thank the reviewers for taking the time and effort necessary to review the manuscript

ИНТРАОПЕРАЦИОННАЯ ФОТОДИНАМИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ БОЛЬНОЙ РАКОМ МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ IIIC СТАДИИ (8-ЛЕТНИЙ ПЕРИОД БЕЗРЕЦИДИВНОГО НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ)

The article presents  a clinical observation  of the patient  of 38 y.o. with cancer of the left breast stage IIIC урТ4bN3М0L1V1. On the 1st  step of the treatment the patient  had 2 courses of CAF neoadjuvant chemotherapy, on the 2nd  step – extended radical mastectomy on the left with intraoperative photodynamic therapy and closure of the defect with ТRАМ-flap, on the 3rd step – continuation of the chemotherapy (8 courses), on the 4th  step  – radiation  therapy  to the chest wall on the left and zones of regional lymph drainage, targeted therapy  with herceptin  a (1 year). Four years later a silicone implant was inserted  into the left breast. Corrective surgery (reduction  mammoplasty on the right side) was performed in april, 2017. Currently, the patient has remission of the disease of the left breast, the period of remission accounts for 8 years. В статье представлено  клиническое наблюдение пациентки 38 лет с диагнозом рак левой молочной железы IIIС стадии урТ4бN3М0L1V1.На первом  этапе лечения  пациентке выполнено  2 курса неодъювантной  химиотерапии  по схеме САF, на втором  этапе – радикальная расширенная  мастэктомия слева с интраоперационной фотодинамической  терапией  и закрытием дефекта ТRАМ-лоскутом, на третьем этапе – продолжение полихимиотерапии (8 курсов), на четвертом этапе – лучевая терапия на грудную стенку слева и зоны регионарного лимфооттока, таргетная терапия герцептином (1 год). Через 4 года выполнена установка силиконового  эндопротеза в левую молочную железу. Корригирующая операция  (редукционная  маммопластика справа) проведена в апреле  2017 г. В настоящее  время  у пациентки ремиссия заболевания левой молочной железы – период ремиссии 8 лет

SCREENING FOR EARLY DETECTION OF BREAST CANCER

The article presents a brief overview of the main methods of breast cancer screening. Proven effectiveness of mammography as a screening method in reducing mortality from breast cancer, specified limits of the method. The main trend of increasing the effectiveness of screening is the transition to digital technologies. Properly organized screening with the active participation of the population reduces mortality from breast cancer by 30%

RELAPSES AFTER RADICAL SUBCUTANEOUS/SKIN-SPARING MASTECTOMY WITH SIMULTANEOUS RECONSTRUCTION IN BREAST CANCER

Objective. To evaluate 3‑year disease-free survival in patients with breast cancer who underwent radical subcutane­ous/skin-sparing mastectomy with simultaneous reconstruction.Patients and methods. The article analyzes 472 patients diagnosed with breast cancer who underwent radical subcuta­neous/skin-sparing mastectomy in combined or complex treatment. In the Department of Oncology and reconstructive plastic surgery of the breast and skin radical skin mastectomy was performed in 255 (54.1%) and 217 (45.9%) patients with radical subcutaneous mastectomy. Reconstruction was carried out by autotissues, expanders, followed by replace­ment with endoprostheses, as well as a combination of flaps and endoprostheses. The mean age of patients was 43.8 ± 2.2 (18–73) years. In 32.3% of cases patients were in the age group up to 40 years.Results. In 9 (1,7 ± 0,6%) of patients diagnosed with a recurrence of breast cancer, herewith in 5 cases of local and in 4 cases of regional recurrence (metastases in the infraclavicular lymph nodes).Treatment of recurrences of breast cancer was as follows: in two cases polychemotherapy courses were conducted, in 6 cases operations were performed — excision of relapse in the breast (3) and subclavian lymphadenectomy (1), remov­al of the reconstructed gland (2), in 1 case — radiation therapy.In 13% relapses of breast cancer were diagnosed at stage III of breast cancer, the lowest percentage of relapse 0.7% at stage III. In luminal type A recurrence of breast cancer was diagnosed in 1.8%, in luminal B in 2.4%, in triple negative type — 2.5%, in luminal B Her2 positive — 2.7%. Metastases of breast cancer in our group of patients were diagnosed in 22 (4.7 ± 0.9%) patients. The highest percentage of long-term metastasis in our study revealed — 12.5% at stage III, the lowest percentage of 2.8 at stage I breast cancer. 3‑year overall survival of breast cancer patients in our group was 97.8% (n = 269).Conclusion. Radical subcutaneous/skin-sparing mastectomies with simultaneous reconstruction are radical in the onco­logical plan of treatment and improve the quality of life in patients with breast cancer

Insomnia and daytime functioning problems

The article discusses the clinical and diagnostic aspects of sleep disorders, behavioral and cognitive impairment in patients with insomnia, and insomnia correlation with somatic pathology. Current approaches to the treatment of sleep disorders, including principles of drug therapy selection, are presented

INTRAOPERATIVE PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY IN PATIENT WITH STAGE IIIC BREAST CANCER (8 YEARS WITHOUT RECURRENCE)

The article presents  a clinical observation  of the patient  of 38 y.o. with cancer of the left breast stage IIIC урТ4bN3М0L1V1. On the 1st  step of the treatment the patient  had 2 courses of CAF neoadjuvant chemotherapy, on the 2nd  step – extended radical mastectomy on the left with intraoperative photodynamic therapy and closure of the defect with ТRАМ-flap, on the 3rd step – continuation of the chemotherapy (8 courses), on the 4th  step  – radiation  therapy  to the chest wall on the left and zones of regional lymph drainage, targeted therapy  with herceptin  a (1 year). Four years later a silicone implant was inserted  into the left breast. Corrective surgery (reduction  mammoplasty on the right side) was performed in april, 2017. Currently, the patient has remission of the disease of the left breast, the period of remission accounts for 8 years

Reconnection methods for an arbitrary polyhedral computational grid

The paper suggests a method for local reconstructions of a 3D irregular computational grid and the algorithm of its program implementation. Two grid reconstruction operations are used as basic: paste of two cells having a common face and cut of a certain cell into two by a given plane. This paper presents criteria to use one or another operation, the criteria are analyzed. A program for local reconstruction of a 3D irregular grid is used to conduct two test computations and the computed results are given

EFFECTS OF Β-ADRENOBLOCKERS ON MYOCARDIAL REMODELING, IMMUNO-INFLAMMATORY REACTIONS AND ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE AND CHRONIC HEART FAILURE

Aim. To assess the effect of β-adrenoblockers (BAB) on myocardial remodeling, immuno-inflammatory reactions and endothelial dysfunction in patients with ischemic heart disease and chronic heart failure (CHF).Material and methods. 84 patients with ischemic CHF of II-IV functional class were involved in the study. They were randomized in two groups. The first group was presented with 43 patients receiving carvedilol in addition to standard therapy for 24 weeks; the second group was presented with 41patients receiving metoprolol. Echocardiography, 6-minute walk test were applied. Blood levels of primary and secondary lipid peroxidation (LP) products, cytokines, endothelin-1 (ET-1), intercellular adhesive molecule (VCAM-1) were determined.Results. Both of BAB improved the clinical condition and physical working ability of patients with CHF. Carvedilol in comparison with metoprolol was more effective in myocardial remodeling prevention, inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukins (IL-1β IL-6)] and LP. Besides carvedilol increased in endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and reduced in ET-1 and VCAM-1 levels.Conclusion. Long-term carvedilol treatment has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and endothelium-protective effects as well as improves haemodynamics