The Effects of Religion on Translating Humor from English into Persian through Figurative Language

AbstractThe present study investigated the integral role of religion and culture in translation of humor from English Christian short stories into Persian. The main focus was to discover how figurative languages could be transferred from source text into target text. Four humorous Christian short stories were given to ten M.A. Persian students of Translation Studies to observe whether they could transfer the whole humorous concepts. To this end, through Newmark's faithful, cognitive, and adaptation methods, translated texts were scrutinized. Due to the religious and social differences between English and Persian cultures, the researcher concludes that the transference of figurative languages and humor from English into Persian could not take place thoroughly

AI for Investment: A Platform Disruption

With the investment landscape becoming more competitive, efficiently scaling deal sourcing and improving deal insights have become a dominant strategy for funds. While funds are already spending significant efforts on these two tasks, they cannot be scaled with traditional approaches; hence, there is a surge in automating them. Many third party software providers have emerged recently to address this need with productivity solutions, but they fail due to a lack of personalization for the fund, privacy constraints, and natural limits of software use cases. Therefore, most major funds and many smaller funds have started developing their in-house AI platforms: a game changer for the industry. These platforms grow smarter by direct interactions with the fund and can be used to provide personalized use cases. Recent developments in large language models, e.g. ChatGPT, have provided an opportunity for other funds to also develop their own AI platforms. While not having an AI platform now is not a competitive disadvantage, it will be in two years. Funds require a practical plan and corresponding risk assessments for such AI platforms

The Effectiveness of Group Counseling Based on Metacognitive Therapy and Dialectic Behavior Therapy on Reducing Anxiety in Boy Adolescent of Divorce

Background: Anxiety among teenagers may disturb their life, and it is no controlling results in severe problems. Therefore, the present research was designed and conducted by the aim of investigating the effectiveness of group counseling training based on metacognitive therapy & dialectic behavior therapy on reducing anxiety in boy adolescent of divorce.Methods: The present research conducted by quasi-experimental method and used a pretest-posttest with control group design. The statistical population of the current research included all boy students of divorced parents in Karaj in 2017-2018. Among them, 36 persons selected by convenience sampling method, and they were assigned into experimental and control groups (12 individuals per group) randomly. Before the intervention, the Beck Anxiety Inventory executed on participants. Group counseling therapy based on metacognitive therapy and dialectic behavior therapy provided for the experimental group subjects in sixteen 90-minute sessions, while the participants of the control group received no intervention. Posttest executed for all three groups after completing the training. The research data were analyzed by covariance analysis and by SPSS-22 software.Results: Covariance analysis findings indicated that metacognitive therapy and dialectic behavior therapy groups had significant decreasing than the control group after interventional (P > 0.05). Also, results indicated than there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and dialectic behavior therapy on anxiety decreasing among boy teenagers of divorced teenagers (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Based on the results of the present research, we can state that dialectic behavior therapy and metacognitive therapy by changing negative cognitions reduce anxiety among divorced children

Biochemical Contents, Spike Quality and Postharvest Longevity of Gladiolus in Response to Foliar Application of Calcium

The majority of gladiolus cultivars are sensitive to spike bending and postharvest longevity. The field trial was performed to evaluate the use of various calcium fertilizers on some biochemical attributes, growth and postharvest trading criteria of Gladiolus grandiflorum L. cv ‘Rose supreme’. During two consecutive years, two Ca sources at different levels (0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2 and 1.5 g L-1) were sprayed on the gladiolus plants when the tip of flowering stem was observed and 10 days after the appearance. The results in both years revealed that, in comparison to non-Ca sprayed plants, total soluble carbohydrates and total protein content were increased by ~74.2% and 217% in the plants at 1.5 g L-1 Ca applied, whereas the highest total anthocyanin and proline content were observed at 1.2 g L-1 Ca application. The membrane stability augmented as the Ca fertilizer level increased. Antioxidant enzymes, namely POD and SOD in petals remained at the highest with 1.2 g L-1 Ca. Ca applied at 1.2 g L-1 imparted greater useful influence on spike strength and vase life longevity (by ~21.5 days) than the other concentrations. Ca (NO3 )2 fertilizer increased flower longevity by 11/7% longer than did . However, corm features have not been significantly affected by any Ca sources and levels. Among various biochemicals and floral features, antioxidative enzymes were revealed to have a positive correlation with vase life. Path analysis revealed that only total protein and Ca content recorded the highest magnitude (3.417 and 1.363, respectively) of positive direct effect on vase life. Proline content and number of florets per spike had strong negative direct effects of -3.068 and -2.580, respectively, on vase life. Our results suggest that Ca prolongs the vase life through improving antioxidative defense system and some osmolytes

Using leprosy elimination campaign on leprosy case finding: Case series study in Kurdistan, Iran

BACKGROUND: Because of the long incubation period of leprosy and disability caused by it, even mother to fetus transmission has been reported. Thus, this disease causes much alarm. Kurdistan Province, which is located in the Western part of Iran, is one of the regions that have previously suffered from endemic leprosy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the leprosy elimination campaign (LEC) on leprosy case finding in Baneh, Iran, in 2012. METHODS: This case series study was conducted in Baneh District. Case finding was performed via LEC method, which is a recommended method for leprosy case finding in endemic areas. The performed steps included public education, and screening families of ex-patients through careful examination, identification of suspected cases, and diagnosis based on specialist’s examination. RESULTS: The families of ex-patients were assessed and 76 people who had prolonged exposure to ex-patients were invited to be examined by a trained general physician. Subsequently, 50 people were referred to a dermatologist for further examinations, 5 of whom and 1 unexposed person underwent bacteriological test for further evaluation. The results of all the tests were negative. CONCLUSION: Active leprosy case finding and use of LEC method require a great deal of money and efforts to identify a small number of patients. Because a district like Baneh is in the process of eliminating leprosy and since the economic and social situation has changed greatly over the past two decades, LEC method is no longer cost effective

Interleukin-1 and Keratinocyte Growth Factor/Fibroblast Growth Factor-7 Gene Expression in Skin Experimental Irritant Contact Dermatitis Mouse Model Treated with Aqueous Extract of Trachyspermum copticum (L.) Link Seeds

Background: In our previous study, the extract of Trachyspermum copticum (L.) Link seeds on gene expression of IFN-γ and TGF-β1 in mouse model with irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), in comparison with cutaneous corticosteroids were evaluated. In that study, in addition to significantly increase of IFN-γ and TGF-β1 genes expression levels in skin samples of "mice with ICD" groups treated with extract in comparison to other groups, histopathologic findings showed substantial improvement of skin color, texture and thickness, and also significant increase in hair follicle number. Therefore, we have decided to study the levels of Interleukin-1 (IL-1) gene expression, which plays a major role in inflammation responses, and Keratinocyte Growth Factor/Fibroblast Growth Factor-7 (KGF/FGF-7), which has growth effect on cells and is an important endogenous mediator of hair follicle growth and development.  Materials and Methods: We used autopsy samples of skin lesions obtained from "mice model with irritant contact dermatitis (ICD)" from the previous study. In that study, "mice with ICD" divided in 9 groups and were treated with three concentrations of Trachyspermum Copticum (L.) Link dried seeds, cutaneous hydrocortisone, and fluocinolone acetonide. Then from the first day until the 10th day of treatment, clinical signs and histopathologic investigations were investigated. In the present study, using Real-Time PCR, the levels of IL-1 and KGF/FGF-7 genes expression in skin samples of inflammation site in above mice groups were studied. Statistical analysis, using one -way ANOVA, were performed. Level of significance was set at 0.05.Results: The IL-1 gene expression showed a significant difference between groups: IL-1 gene expression levels in mice with ICD treated with extract and corticosteroids were higher than the other groups (p=0.0001). While in untreated "mice with ICD", no significant differences were observed. Also, during the treatment, there was a considerable increase in levels of IL-1 gene expression in groups treated with the extract at a rate of at least 2 to 3-fold in comparison with the "healthy untreated mice" group. The levels of KGF/FGF-7 gene expression in "mice with ICD" groups treated with the extract showed significance difference (p=0.014); also there was a meaningful difference in "mice with ICD" groups treated with cutaneous corticosteroids (p=0.004). While, in "untreated mice with ICD" group there were a significant decrease in the levels of KGF/FGF-7 gene expression in comparison with "healthy untreated mice" group (p=0.0001). Also, changes in the levels IL-1 and KGF/FGF-7 gene expressions in each group in different days were seen. Conclusion: In this study, significant changes in the IL-1 and KGF/FGF-7 genes expression levels in the skin samples with inflammation, were associated with an increase in the rate and speed of improvement of contact dermatitis, more favorable conditions of the healed skin (in terms of color, consistency, and thickness), and a remarkable increase in the number of hair grown on the site of dermatitis (compared with control groups, and even groups with corticosteroid therapy).

Movilidad social de las mujeres farsi basadas en componentes económicos en el período de 1921 a 1953

Social mobility is one of the social science concepts to measure the degree of development and progress of a country. Some factors of social mobility such as education, job promotion, marriage, migration, etc., demonstrate the dynamics of society and the equality of status of people in the use of opportunities to obtain social benefits. The most important barriers to social mobility are the traditions and cultures of society, as well as the bureaucratic structure of government. This article seeks to show social mobility among Farsi women in the period 1921-1953. The study findings confirm that there is a wide range of vertical mobility among Farsi women during this period. The information in this study was based on libraries and documentary sources. And the method is historical research with a descriptive-analytical approach.La movilidad social es uno de los conceptos de ciencias sociales para medir el grado de desarrollo y progreso de un país. Agunos factores de la movilidad social como la educación, la promoción laboral, el matrimonio, la migración, etc., demuestran la dinámica de la sociedad y la igualdad de condición de las personas en el uso de oportunidades para obtener beneficios sociales. Las barreras más importantes para la movilidad social son las tradiciones y culturas de la sociedad, así como la estructura burocrática del gobierno. El presente artículo busca mostrar la movilidad social entre las mujeres farsi en el período 1921-1953. Los hallazgos del estudio confirman que existe un amplio rango de movilidad vertical entre las mujeres farsi durante este período. La información en este estudio se basó en bibliotecas y fuentes documentales. Y el método es la investigación histórica con un enfoque descriptivo-analítico

Movilidad social de las mujeres farsi basadas en componentes económicos en el período de 1921 a 1953

Social mobility is one of the social science concepts to measure the degree of development and progress of a country. Some factors of social mobility such as education, job promotion, marriage, migration, etc., demonstrate the dynamics of society and the equality of status of people in the use of opportunities to obtain social benefits. The most important barriers to social mobility are the traditions and cultures of society, as well as the bureaucratic structure of government. This article seeks to show social mobility among Farsi women in the period 1921-1953. The study findings confirm that there is a wide range of vertical mobility among Farsi women during this period. The information in this study was based on libraries and documentary sources. And the method is historical research with a descriptive-analytical approach.La movilidad social es uno de los conceptos de ciencias sociales para medir el grado de desarrollo y progreso de un país. Agunos factores de la movilidad social como la educación, la promoción laboral, el matrimonio, la migración, etc., demuestran la dinámica de la sociedad y la igualdad de condición de las personas en el uso de oportunidades para obtener beneficios sociales. Las barreras más importantes para la movilidad social son las tradiciones y culturas de la sociedad, así como la estructura burocrática del gobierno. El presente artículo busca mostrar la movilidad social entre las mujeres farsi en el período 1921-1953. Los hallazgos del estudio confirman que existe un amplio rango de movilidad vertical entre las mujeres farsi durante este período. La información en este estudio se basó en bibliotecas y fuentes documentales. Y el método es la investigación histórica con un enfoque descriptivo-analítico

Movilidad social de las mujeres farsi basadas en componentes económicos en el período de 1921 a 1953

Social mobility is one of the social science concepts to measure the degree of development and progress of a country. Some factors of social mobility such as education, job promotion, marriage, migration, etc., demonstrate the dynamics of society and the equality of status of people in the use of opportunities to obtain social benefits. The most important barriers to social mobility are the traditions and cultures of society, as well as the bureaucratic structure of government. This article seeks to show social mobility among Farsi women in the period 1921-1953. The study findings confirm that there is a wide range of vertical mobility among Farsi women during this period. The information in this study was based on libraries and documentary sources. And the method is historical research with a descriptive-analytical approach.La movilidad social es uno de los conceptos de ciencias sociales para medir el grado de desarrollo y progreso de un país. Agunos factores de la movilidad social como la educación, la promoción laboral, el matrimonio, la migración, etc., demuestran la dinámica de la sociedad y la igualdad de condición de las personas en el uso de oportunidades para obtener beneficios sociales. Las barreras más importantes para la movilidad social son las tradiciones y culturas de la sociedad, así como la estructura burocrática del gobierno. El presente artículo busca mostrar la movilidad social entre las mujeres farsi en el período 1921-1953. Los hallazgos del estudio confirman que existe un amplio rango de movilidad vertical entre las mujeres farsi durante este período. La información en este estudio se basó en bibliotecas y fuentes documentales. Y el método es la investigación histórica con un enfoque descriptivo-analítico

Effects of Cultivation Conditions on the Expression Level of Recombinant scFv Antibody against EpEX in Escherichia coli

The EpCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule) is a cell surface antigen over expressed in many types of epithelial cell cancers including colon, stomach, pancreas, lung, ovarian, and breast. So, it can be an attractive target for active and passive immunotherapy of cancers. ScFv (single chain fragment variable) fragment is a class of engineered antibodies in which the genes coding for the heavy (VH) and light chains (VL) of an immunoglobulin have been linked with a short flexible peptide linker. Inexpensive media, rapid growth rates, and relatively minimal laboratory set up make Escherichia coli (E. coli) a suitable host for expression of a large variety of recombinant proteins. Here, we assessed the effect of cultivation conditions on the level of expressed scFv against extracellular domain of EpCAM (EpEX) in E. coli. pET22b-antiEpEX-scFv was transformed into prepared E. coli Rosetta™(DE3) competent cells. To evaluate the effect of cultivation conditions on protein expression level, three factors of incubation temperature (25, 30, 37°C), the IPTG (isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside) concentration (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1 mM), and induction duration (3, 5, 7, 18 h) were considered. SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis demonstrated an estimated 30 kDa-size protein band which was related to the recombinant scFv expressed in E. coli Rosetta™(DE3) strain. At optimal condition (5 h after induction with 0.5 mM IPTG at 25 °C), the final production yield of the antiEpEX-scFv was 403.29 ± 87.50 μg/mL. Our results provide a foundation for the development of scFv-based drugs’ production as effective therapeutic agents in cancers with epithelial origin.   HIGHLIGHTS The antiEpEX-scFv was successfully expressed in E. coli Rosetta™(DE3) strain. The highest concentration of protein was obtained with 0.5 mM IPTG at 30°C. The final yield of recombinant antiEpEX-scFv was approximately 403.29 ± 87.50 mg/L