Evaluation of Agronomic Traits and Yield Stability in Several Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Genotypes

In this study, a total 15 potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes (11 potato hybrid clones and four control varieties including Caesar, Luca, Savalan and Agria), were evaluated during two cropping seasons in three different locations of Iran, including Ardabil, Hamadan and Karaj, using a randomized complete block design with three replications. During growth period and after harvesting, some of the characteristics like plant height, main stem number, tuber weight per plant, tuber number per plant, marketable tuber yield and tuber dry matter percent were measured. The combined analysis of variance indicated that the effect of genotype on all of the traits under study was highly significant (p < 0.01). The interaction effect for year×location (Y×L) was significant for all traits under study except for tuber number per plant. The interaction effect for genotype×year (G×Y) was significant for all traits under study except for main stem number per plant and tuber dry matter percent. The interaction effect for genotype×location (G×L) was highly significant for all studied traits (p < 0.01). The interaction effect for genotype×location×year (G×L×Y) was highly significant for tuber number per plant and plant height (p < 0.01). Cluster analysis divided 15 genotypes into three clusters. The first cluster consisted of hybrids G1 (clone 16-75), G3, (clone 15-75), G5 (clone 13-75) and G7 (clone 23-75). These hybrids had higher average marketable tuber yield, tuber weight per plant, tuber number per plant, tuber average weight, plant height and tuber dry matter percent as compared to the remaining genotypes. Based on “which-won-where” view of the GGL biplot, G5 (clone 13-75) was desirable in environments HN (Hamadan), and KJ (Karaj), whereas G1 (clone 16-75) and G8 (Savalan) were favorable in environment AL (Ardabil). According to results, hybrids G5 (clone 13-75), G7 (clone 23-75) and G1 (clone 16-75) were near to the ideal genotype and could be regarded as desirable genotypes

Assessing Genetic Diversity Based on Gliadin Proteins in Aegilops cylindrica Populations from Northwest of Iran

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: left; line-height: 200%;" class="MsoBodyText2"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #221e1f; line-height: 200%; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Wild wheat progenitors served as a valuable gene pool in breeding perspectives. In this respect, gliadins could be an important tool in assessing genetic variability as protein markers. Thus, genetic diversity of gliadin protein patterns in seventeen populations of </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #221e1f; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Garamond Premr Pro&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Garamond Premr Pro&quot;; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Aegilops cylindrica </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #221e1f; line-height: 200%; font-size: 10pt;">collected from northwest of Iran were investigated using acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results showed that the highest number of bands in the electrophoregrams were related to the ω type of geliadins. Conversely, the lowest number of bands were pertained to the β type of gliadins. Genetic diversity between populations was greater than within population variation. Assessment of total variation for the three gliadin types indicated that the highest total variation was related to β type while, the lowest one was belonged to ω type. Cluster analysis using complete linkage method divided populations into two separated groups in which genetic diversity does not follow from geographical distribution.</span><strong></strong></span></p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span

Karyological Characteristics of Lilium ledebourii Boiss and Lilium longiflorum Thunb.

The karyological characteristics of two Lilium species were investigated by aceto-ferric-hematoxylin staining. Chromosome characteristics, including the number and length of the chromosomes, length of their long and short arms, length of the total set of chromosomes, the arm ratio index and relative lengths of chromosome, were measured based on averages for five different metaphase cells. Both species are diploid (2n=2x=24). The karyotype of Lilium ledebourii consisted of 1 pair of metacentric, 4 pairs of submetacentric, 3 pairs of acrocentric and 4 pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes. The karyotype of Lilium longiflorum was comprised of 1 pair of metacentric, 4 pairs of acrocentric and 7 pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes. Chromosomes 5 and 7 in Lilium ledebourii and chromosomes 6 in Lilium longiflorum had a satellite. Karyotypes were classified as 3A by Stebbins classification

Karyological characteristics of Lilium ledebourii Boiss and Lilium longiflorum thunb

The karyological characteristics of two Lilium species were investigated by acetoferric hematoxylin staining. Chromosome characteristics, including the number and length of the chromosomes, length of their long and short arms, length of the total set of chromosomes, the arm ratio index and relative lengths of chromosome, were measured based on averages for five different metaphase cells. Both species are diploid (2n=2x=24). The karyotype of Lilium ledebourii consisted of 1 pair of metacentric, 4 pairs of submetacentric, 3 pairs of acrocentric and 4 pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes. The karyotype of Lilium longiflorum was comprised of 1 pair of metacentric, 4 pairs of acrocentric and 7 pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes. Chromosomes 5 and 7 in Lilium ledebourii and chromosomes 6 in Lilium longiflorum had a satellite. Karyotypes were classified as 3A by Stebbins classification

Effect of Different Cellulase and Pectinase Enzyme Treatments on Protoplast Isolation and Viability in Lilium ledebeourii Bioss.

For overcoming interspecific incompatibility, protoplast combination method is a proper procedure for making a new plant withdesired traits. For this purpose, protoplast preparation is a first and important step. Hence, experiments were conducted to evaluatevarious combinations of cellulose, pectinase and their treatment times on protoplast production and protoplast viability in Liliumledebeourii Bioss. The results of experiment revealed that the protoplast yield was significantly affected by different treatment levels.Cellulase at 4% gave the highest numbers of protoplasts at 3.71×105 protoplast/g FW. Pectinase at 1% gave the highest numbers ofprotoplast. For treatment times, the highest yield of protoplast was with leaf explants treated for 24 h. Analysis of variance indicated thatconcentration, time and three-way interaction of cellulase, pectinase and time were significant at p&lt;0.01. Cellulase at 4% and pectinase at0.2% for 24 h gave the highest viability. Interactions of cellulase × pectinase, cellulase × time, pectinase × time and cellulase × pectinase× treatment time were significant at P≤0.05 for protoplast number. The highest and lowest protoplast numbers were produced in mediacontaining 4% cellulase and 1% pectinase for 24 h (6.65×105 protoplast/g FW) and 1% cellulase and 0.2% pectinase for 12 h, respectively.It’s concluded that, the best treatment for isolation of Lilium protoplast was 4% cellulase and 1% pectinase for 24 h

Effect of ultrasonic waves on crocin and safranal content and expression of their controlling genes in suspension culture of saffron (<i>Crocus sativus </i>L.)

<p>The expression of biosynthesis controlling genes of crocin and safranal in saffron (<i>Crocus sativus</i>) can be influenced by ultrasonic waves. Sterilized saffron corms were cultured in a ½-MS medium supplemented by 2-4-D and BAP.  Saffron callus cells were treated with ultrasonic waves in a cellular suspension culture under optimal growth conditions. The samples were collected at 24 and 72 hours after treatment in three replications. The secondary metabolites were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and the gene expression was analysed by the real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results indicate that this elicitor can influence the expressions of genes <i>CsBCH, CsLYC</i> and <i>CsGT</i>-<i>2</i>; the ultrasonic waves acted as an effective mechanical stimulus to the suspension cultures. The analysis of variance of the ultrasonically produced amounts of safranal and crocin indicates that there is a significant difference between once- and twice-treated samples in that the amount of safranal was the highest within the samples taken from the twice-treated suspension culture at 72 h after the ultrasound treatment, and the crocin was maximised after 24 h passed the twice-applied ultrasound treatment.</p