Effect of betaine supplementation on power performance and fatigue

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of 15 days of betaine supplementation on muscle endurance, power performance and rate of fatigue in active college-aged men.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Twenty-four male subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The first group (BET; 20.4 ± 1.3 years; height: 176.8 ± 6.6 cm; body mass: 77.8 ± 13.4 kg) consumed the supplement daily, and the second group (PL; 21.4 ± 4.7 years; height: 181.3 ± 5.9 cm; body mass: 83.3 ± 5.2 kg) consumed a placebo. Subjects were tested prior to the onset of supplementation (T1) and 7 (T2) and 14 days (T3) following supplementation. Each testing period occurred over a 2-day period. During day one of testing subjects performed a vertical jump power (VJP) and a bench press throw (BPT) power test. In addition, subjects were required to perform as many repetitions as possible with 75% of their 1-RM in both the squat and bench press exercises. Both peak and mean power was assessed on each repetition. On day two of testing subjects performed two 30-sec Wingate anaerobic power tests (WAnT), each test separated by a 5-min active rest.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>No differences were seen at T2 or T3 in the repetitions performed to exhaustion or in the number of repetitions performed at 90% of both peak and mean power between the groups in the bench press exercise. The number of repetitions performed in the squat exercise for BET was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than that seen for PL at T2. The number of repetitions performed at 90% or greater of peak power in the squat exercise was significantly greater for BET at both T2 and T3 than PL. No differences in any power assessment (VJP, BPT, WAnT) was seen between the groups</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Two-weeks of betaine supplementation in active, college males appeared to improve muscle endurance of the squat exercise, and increase the quality of repetitions performed.</p

Thermogenic effect of meltdown RTD™ energy drink in young healthy women: a double blind, cross-over design study

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licens

Termogeni učinci stimulacijskog napitka, dodatka prehrani prije vježbanja

The thermogenic effect of a high energy supplement was examined in ten healthy and physically active female subjects that underwent two testing sessions administered in a randomized and double-blind fashion. The subjects reported to the Human Performance Laboratory after at least a 3-hour post-absorptive state and were provided either 120 ml of the supplement (SUP), or 120 ml of a placebo (PL). Following ingestion the subjects rested in a semi-recumbent position for 3 hours. The area under the curve analysis revealed no difference in oxygen consumption between SUP and PL for the 3 hours study period. No difference in energy expenditure was seen between SUP (.92±.16 kcal・min-1) and PL (.89±.17 kcal・min-1). A significant difference in the utilization of stored fat as an energy source was seen between the groups during the 3 hours study (.42±.18 kcal・min-1 and .24±.10 kcal・min-1 in SUP and PL, respectively). These differences were seen in the first (.35±.19 kcal・min-1 and .20±.13 kcal・min-1 in SUP and PL, respectively) and second hour (.46±.21 kcal・min-1 and .24±.11 kcal・min-1 in SUP and PL, respectively), but not in the third hour (.47±.25 kcal・min-1 and .33±.20 kcal・min-1 in SUP and PL, respectively). No differences in heart rate, blood pressure or mood were seen between the groups. The results indicate that although acute ingestion of this supplement does not increase energy expenditure, it does appear to stimulate a significant increase in fat utilization.Uvod Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati akutne efekte napitka za poticanje energetske potrošnje na primitak kisika u mirovanju (VO2), respiracijski kvocijent (RQ), potrošnju kalorija (kcal), frekvenciju srca (HR) i krvni tlak (BP) kod zdravih i fizički aktivnih ispitanika ženskog spola. Metode Deset žena (u dobi od 20,4±,8 godina; visokih 165,4±6,6 cm; tjelesne mase 58,3±7,7 kg; s postotkom tjelesne masti od 20,1±4,9 %) testirano je dva puta metodom slučajnog i dvosmjerno anonimnog odabira. U oba mjerenja, provedena u Laboratory for Human Performance, ispitanice koje nisu ništa konzumirale prethodna 3 sata, uzimale su ili 120 ml suplementa (SUP) ili 120 ml placeba (PL). Ispitanice su nakon uzimanja supstancije 3 sata mirovale u poluležećem položaju. VO2 i frekvencija srca bilježeni su svakih 5 minuta tijekom prvih pola sata te svakih 10 minuta tijekom sljedećih 150 minuta. Krvni tlak je mjeren svakih 15 minuta tijekom prvih pola sata te svakih 30 minuta kroz preostalo vrijeme testiranja. Profil raspoloženja utvrđivao se svakih 30 minuta. Analizom površine ispod krivulje (AUC) izračunat je VO2, dok su se prosjek za tri sata i prosjek svakog pojedinačnog sata utvrđivali za respiracijski kvocijent (RQ), potrošnju ugljikohidrata u kcal, potrošnju masti u kcal, ukupnu potrošnju u kcal, frekvenciju srca i krvni tlak. Rezultati i rasprava Analiza površine ispod krivulje pokazala je da nema statistički značajnih razlika u primitku kisika (VO2) između SUP i PL skupina ispitanica za vrijeme od tri sata u kojem je testiranje provedeno (slika 1). Isto tako nije pronađena statistički značajna razlika u potrošnji energije između grupa SUP (0,92±0,16 kcal/min) i PL (0,89±0,17 kcal/min) tijekom testiranja (slika 2). Značajna razlika zabilježena je između grupa u prosječnom RQ za vrijeme testiranja (slika 3). Iako nije zabilježena nikakva promjena u kalorijskoj potrošnji, značajne razlike zabilježene su u potrošnji masti kao izvoru energije (slika 4). Navedene razlike zabilježene su tijekom prvog (0,35±0,19 kcal/min u grupi SUP i 0,20±0,13 kcal/ min u grupi PL) i drugog sata mjerenja (0,46±0,21 kcal/min u grupi SUP i 0,24±0,11 kcal/min u grupi PL), ali nisu zabilježene značajne razlike između grupa tijekom trećeg sata mjerenja (0,47±0,25 kcal/min u grupi SUP i 0,33±0,20 kcal/min u grupi PL). Tijekom trosatnog protokola mjerenja nisu zabilježene ni statistički značajne razlike u frekvenciji srca niti u sistoličkom ni dijastoličkom krvnom tlaku (tablica 1). Analiza stanja raspoloženja (slika 5) nije pokazala razlike između grupa u napetosti, depresiji, ljutnji, žestini, umoru i zbunjenosti tijekom trosatnog testiranja. Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazuju da uzimanje napitka Redline Princess® ne povećava potrošnju energije u mladih i zdravih žena, ali da značajno stimulira potrošnju masti. Nadalje, uzimanje ovog suplementa ne stimulira i ne povisuje frekvenciju srca kao ni krvni tlak

Thermogenic effect of an acute ingestion of a weight loss supplement

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of a weight loss supplement on resting oxygen uptake (VO₂), respiratory quotient (RQ), caloric expenditure (kcal), heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP) in healthy and physically active individuals.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Ten subjects (5 male, 5 female; 20.2 ± 1.2 y; 172.2 ± 8.9 cm; 71.5 ± 17.2 kg; 17.3 ± 2.6% body fat) underwent two testing sessions administered in a randomized and double-blind fashion. During each session, subjects reported to the Human Performance Laboratory after at least 3-h post-absorptive state and were provided either 3 capsules of the weight loss supplement (SUP), commercially marketed as Meltdown^®or 3 capsules of a placebo (P). Subjects then rested in a semi-recumbent position for three hours. VO₂and HR were determined every 5 min during the first 30 min and every 10 min during the next 150 min. BP was determined every 15 min during the first 30 min and every 30 min thereafter. The profile of mood states was assessed every 30 min.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Area under the curve analysis revealed a significant 28.9% difference in VO₂between SUP and P for the three hour study period. In addition, a significant difference in energy expenditure was also seen between SUP (1.28 ± 0.33 kcal·min^-1) and P (1.00 ± 0.32 kcal·min^-1). A trend (p = 0.06) towards a greater utilization of stored fat as an energy source was also demonstrated (0.78 ± 0.23 kcal·min^-1and 0.50 ± 0.38 kcal·min^-1in P and SUP, respectively). Significant elevations in HR were seen during hours two and three of the study, and significantly higher average systolic BP was observed between SUP (118.0 ± 7.3 mmHg) and P (111.4 ± 8.2 mmHg). No significant differences were seen in diastolic blood pressure at any time point. Significant increases in tension and confusion were seen in SUP.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Results indicate a significant increase in energy expenditure in young, healthy individuals following an acute ingestion of a weight loss supplement. In addition, ingestion of this supplement appears modify mood and elevate HR and systolic BP following ingestion.</p