Distribution, morphology, seasonal dynamics, and molecular characterization of Tylenchulus semipenetrans from citrus orchards in southern Iran

Tylenchulus semipenetrans was identified morphologically from root samples collected from citrus orchards in Shahdad region, southeastern Iran. The number of juveniles and females averaged 648/100 g soil and 65/10 g root, respectively, in infected samples. Monitoring these orchards for two years (2012-2013) indicated no significant correlation between soil pH (7.21-7.70) and EC (0.56-1.98) values and populations densities of T. semipenetrans. With respect to seasonal distribution, T. semipenetrans attained the highest density during fall and the lowest in spring. Sequence analysis of the D2-D3 segment of 28S rDNA confirmed this population as T. semipenetrans. Nblast indicates that the sequence from this population differs in only three or five nucleotides from corresponding sequences from T. semipenetrans populations from Korea (FJ969715, FJ060713, and FJ969712), with 99% identity. The phylogenetic position and a table of measurements of this species are provide

Morphological and morphometrical identification of Meloidogyne populations from various crop production areas in South Africa with emphasis on M. enterolobii

Rashidifard, Milad, Fourie, Hendrika, Daneel, Mieke Stefanie, Marais, Mariette (2019): Morphological and morphometrical identification of Meloidogyne populations from various crop production areas in South Africa with emphasis on M. enterolobii. Zootaxa 4658 (2): 251-274, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4658.2.

Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood 1949

<i>Meloidogyne hapla</i> Chitwood, 1949 <p>Figures 3, 7</p> <p> <b>Measurements:</b> Tables 4, 7</p> <p> <b>Female (n= 2 perineal-patterns).</b> Only three specimens were recorded and anterior ends were not in optimum condition to determine morphometric characteristics. Perineal-pattern circular to oval, dorsal arch low to medium, apex broadly rounded, inner striae above tail terminus low and round. Lateral lines indistinct, punctuation observed at tail terminus. Wing (wing shaped form in the lateral part of the perineal pattern) present. Phasmids 1–2 µm in diameter, interphasmidial distance 16–21 µm. Vulval slit 13–28 µm long and anus 11–24 µm posterior to vulva.</p> <p> <b>Male.</b> Males were not observed.</p> <p> <b>Second-stage juvenile (n= 10).</b> Body 314–737 µm long, vermiform, narrow, ventrally curve or straight. Head hemispherical, continuous, labial disc raised above median lips. Stylet 12–13 µm long, straight. Stylet knobs sloping backward. Dorsal gland opening 2–3 µm behind stylet knobs. Median bulb ovoid, enlarged with oval to fusiform valve. Excretory pore 67–70 µm from anterior end, opposite isthmus. Tail narrow, 43–57 µm long, conical elongated with roundish end and occasionally a clavate appendage observed at tail terminus.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> The current <i>M. hapla</i> populations fit descriptions of other South African populations (Kleynhans, 1991), except for the occasional clavate appendage of the J2 tail terminus, noted for the first time in the present study.</p>Published as part of <i>Rashidifard, Milad, Fourie, Hendrika, Daneel, Mieke Stefanie & Marais, Mariette, 2019, Morphological and morphometrical identification of Meloidogyne populations from various crop production areas in South Africa with emphasis on M. enterolobii, pp. 251-274 in Zootaxa 4658 (2)</i> on pages 262-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4658.2.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3375820">http://zenodo.org/record/3375820</a&gt